湿位涡子项在华南前汛期两类暴雨中的诊断分析

本文从湿位涡的正压项(ζMPV1)和斜压项(ζMPV2)两子项出发,应用常规资料和NCEP再分析资料,通过动态合成分析法,分别分析ζMPV各子项在华南前汛期连续性锋面暴雨和暖区暴雨过程中的特征,并用双雨带过程进行了验证。结果表明:低层ζMPV2的子项(ζ22),对华南锋面降水诊断能力较强,特别是对强降水分布结构特征及中心位置具有明显的诊断能力,不足之处是其强弱并不能直接指示降水的强弱。锋面强降水中心附近的低层ζMPV1与降水量有一定的反相关性。低层强ζMPV1负值对暖区强降水具有潜势预报能力,但其负中心位置或分布结构不能表征降水中心位置及其分布。ζMPV2及其两子项对暖区暴雨无明显诊断能力。以上所得结论物理意义明确,有助于预报员在实际预报业务中更好地使用湿位涡。     

机载雷达风切变识别算法研究及在机场预报中的应用

大气中的风切变严重威胁飞机安全,尤其低空风切变是影响飞机起降的重要因素。利用多普勒雷达速度资料计算一维切向、一维径向与二维合成风切变,准确判断风切变的危险区域,能够及时为飞行及起降提供告警。针对多普勒雷达业务应用的主用户处理器PUP(Principal User Processor)上风切变自动识别产品存在的边缘识别较弱及定位误差较大等问题,根据多普勒雷达速度资料径向分布的特点,利用最小二乘法线性拟合优势,选择适于机载雷达参数的拟合窗口,对多个实例进行了识别分析。对比结果表明最小二乘法在识别效果、定位精度、边缘识别等方面优于PUP风切变自动识别产品,提高了风切变识别能力,有助于为机载雷达风切变识别及预警提供更好的依据。     

1949-2007年登陆我国变性热带气旋的特征统计及合成分析

利用1949-2007年热带气旋年鉴等资料,统计分析登陆中国并在我国或附近变性的热带气旋的特征,着重分析不同区域及路径的变性气旋特征.分析结果得出,登陆我国的热带气旋很多,但在我国及附近沿海变性的却较少,大多数热带气旋变性后不发展或迅速衰减,只有约17％的变性热带气旋继续发展.热带气旋变性大多发生在114°E以东,移动...     

南海热幔柱构造与油气分布

南海处于欧亚、印度—澳大利亚和太平洋—菲律宾海三大板块的夹持地带,区内以NE向深海区-海盆为中心,周围有众多的含油气盆地。南海区具有"北断(裂)、南褶(皱)、东(俯)冲、西(碰)撞"的构造特征。南海及其周缘新生代玄武岩和花岗岩广为分布,故有潜在的大火成岩省之称。其中,火山岩以碱性玄武岩为主,多为OIB型成因,其成岩年龄自南海中心至外围呈由新逐渐变老的趋势。深部地幔流动呈现出涡旋式上涌的特点,上地幔明显具环带状结构,中心部位为上升流,外围为下降流,表现出热幔柱和冷幔柱活动"双模式"对流。从区域S波速度扰动异常来看,在670km间断面,对热流体上涌确有阻挡作用。通过层析成像研究,证实本区存在巨型复蘑菇云状地幔低速体,演化过程和相邻板块活动构成相辅相成关系。由于地幔热流体上涌,促使地壳-岩石圈上隆、熔融、减薄和断陷,形成南海从边缘向中心(海盆)热流温度逐步升高的轨迹,基本控制油气田"外油内气"环形有序分布的格局。     

Disbond detection with piezoelectric wafer active sensors in RC structures strengthened with FRP composite overlays

The capability of embedded piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) to perform in-situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for structural health monitoring (SHM) of reinforced concrete (RC) structures strengthened with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite overlays is explored. First, the disbond detection method were developed on coupon specimens consisting of concrete blocks covered with an FRP composite layer. It was found that the prescnce of a disbond crack drastically changes the electromecbanical (E/M) impedance spectrum measured at the PWAS terminals. The spectral changes depend on the distance between the PWAS and the crack tip. Second, large scale experiments were conducted on a RC beam strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite overlay. The beam was subject to an acccleratcd fatigue load regime in a three-point bending configuration up to a total of807,415 cycles. During these fatigue tests, the CFRP overlay experienced disbonding beginning at about 500,000 cycles. The PWAS were able to detect the disbonding before it could be reliably seen by visual inspection. Good correlation between the PWAS readings and the position and extent of disbond damage was observed. These preliminary results demonstrate the potential of PWAS technology for SHM of RC structures strengthened with FRP composite ovcrlays.     

Test on full‐scale three‐storey steel moment frame and assessment of ability of numerical simulation to trace cyclic inelastic behaviour

A test on a full‐scale model of a three‐storey steel moment frame was conducted, with the objectives of acquiring real information about the damage and serious strength deterioration of a steel moment frame under cyclic loading, studying the interaction between the structural frame and non‐structural elements, and examining the capacity of numerical analyses commonly used in seismic design to trace the real cyclic behaviour. The outline of the test structure and test program is presented, results on the overall behaviour are given, and correlation between the experimental results and the results of pre‐test and post‐test numerical analyses is discussed. Pushover analyses conducted prior to the test predicted the elastic stiffness and yield strength very reasonably. With proper adjustment of strain hardening after yielding and composite action, numerical analyses were able to accurately duplicate the cyclic behaviour of the test structure up to a drift angle of 1/25. The analyses could not trace the cyclic behaviour involving larger drifts in which serious strength deterioration occurred due to fracture of beams and anchor bolts and progress of column local buckling. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Primary curvature in the Mid-Continent Rift: Paleomagnetism of the Portage Lake Volcanics (northern Michigan, USA)

Rocks of the North American Mid-Continent Rift (MCR) in the Keweenaw Peninsula of northern Michigan display a change in structural trend from east to west, varying in strike from 100° in the east to 35° farther west, before returning to a more east–west trend of 80° near Wisconsin. In general, curvature can be described either as of primary origin, meaning that the arc developed in its present curved state, or as of secondary origin, when the arc formed from an initially straighter geometry. A powerful tool in evaluating the origin and degree of curvature in any deformed belt is paleomagnetism, where coincident change in declination and strike is evidence for secondary curvature. Several paleomagnetic studies have been completed on rift-related sedimentary rocks, as well as lava flows, from the MCR in the Lake Superior region. Paleomagnetic directions for the sedimentary rocks vary much more in declination than in inclination, possibly reflecting a vertical axis rotation. If secondary rotation has affected the sedimentary rocks, then underlying volcanic rocks should also demonstrate a similar rotation.Thirty-one sites were collected from the Portage Lake Volcanics in the most highly curved part of the Keweenaw Peninsula in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. Sites were chosen to maximize the variation in structural trend. Thermal demagnetization results showed two components in samples from most sites, a lower temperature A component (< 580 °C) as well as a higher temperature B component (> 580 °C). Both components were tested for primary remanence using a conglomerate test. The A component, carried by magnetite, passes the conglomerate test at a 95% confidence level, and is therefore considered a primary remanence. The B component, carried by hematite, fails at the 95% level and is considered a secondary magnetization. Most importantly, declination of the primary (A) magnetization between sites shows no correlation with strike, demonstrating that vertical axis rotations cannot explain the curvature of the Mid-Continent Rift. We conclude that curvature in the Lake Superior Region is a primary feature, likely reflecting a pre-existing zone of weakness that was exploited during rifting.     

复合地基复合模量的分析和应用

讨论了多桩型复合地基复合模量的基本概念，通过对具体工程的沉降计算和实测结果对比分析，对复合模量的正确分析和应用提出了一些建议。     

静压注浆结合树根桩复合地基加固机理及其工程应用

结合具体工程实例探讨了复合地基在地基加固中的应用机理，指出对于该加固工程，可采用静压注浆及树根桩相结合形成的复合地基进行加固。工程实践表明，根据工程实际情况合理运用复合地基进行地基加固处理能取得良好的加固效果。     

长江中游地区暴雨过程的气候背景分析

通过用气候信号场研究长江中游地区暴雨发生的气候异常环境,提出了关于信号场的合成图的检验方法,应用到暴雨规律分析中。分析表明,暴雨与500hPa信号场中异常信号显著区的出现在我国东部上空,分布形势呈‘+-+'的波列是暴雨发生的重要征兆。