应用样条函数处理GPS共视数据

为克服Vondrak方法平滑GPS共视比对数据的两端效应和缺值点处的插值问题,应用样条函数平滑和插值方法对NTSC和CRL的GPS共视数据进行了分析研究。结果表明:这种方法可解决Vondrak平滑方法的两端效应现象;与CircularT的数据比较,用样条函数平滑数据之后,再进行三次样条插值,缺值点的内符合精度有所提高,整体内符合精度也有所提高。     

北京市经济增长与环境污染水平计量模型研究

选取北京市 1985～ 1999年经济与环境数据 ,通过分析经济因子与环境因子相互关系 ,探究北京市经济增长与环境质量演替轨迹 ,以建立北京市经济增长与环境污染水平计量模型 ,为评价北京市环境政策提供依据。实证研究表明 :北京市自 1985年以来随着经济增长其环境恶化程度在下降 ,且已进入经济与环境协调发展后期阶段。北京市各环境指标与人均GDP演替轨迹呈现显著的环境库兹涅茨曲线特征 ,但比发达国家较早实现了其环境库兹涅茨曲线转折点 ,且到达转折点的时间跨度小于发达国家。这主要归功于中国及北京市政府近 10年来 ,尤其 1995年以来有效环境政策和巨额环境投资以及科技后发优势。     

基于Helmert方差分量估计的Vondrak滤波方法

从基于Helmert方差分量估计的Vondrak滤波方法（简称HVF法）的基本假设入手,介绍HVF方法,该方法能够在未知拟合函数的情况下,通过自动选择合理的平滑因子控制数据平滑的程度,对时序数据序列进行合理平滑,最大限度地削弱数据序列中的随机误差,将信号与噪声合理分离。     

区域高程异常内插方法研究

在综合利用GPS与水准测量资料的基础上,针对面积较大或地形变化比较复杂的GPS测区,提出了分区拟合转换成正常高的方法.对各种常用拟合模型的适用性进行了分析,并提出了用双三次样条函数或者双三次曲面函数对拟合后的两个小区进行平滑连接,以及相应的算法和精度评定标准0实际算例验证了该方法的可行性,精度可满足四等水准测量的精度要求.     

电离层延迟变化自模型化的载波相位平滑伪距算法

传统的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法因受到电离层延迟变化的影响,容易出现平滑结果发散和精度下降的问题,而现有的解决方案对精度提高有限或需要外部精密电离层改正数据的支持。本文研究了电离层的变化规律并建立回归模型,在此基础上提出了一种自模型化电离层延迟变化的单频载波相位平滑伪距算法。此算法利用伪距和载波观测量中含有的电离层延迟信息进行电离层延迟建模,从平滑伪距中扣除了历元间电离层延迟变化值,有效避免了平滑伪距的发散问题。利用自编软件GNSSer实现了电离层自模型化的载波平滑伪距算法,并采用静态与动态实测观测数据进行了定位试验和精度分析。算例结果表明:①长时段常规Hatch滤波受电离层影响非常严重;②自模型化电离层延迟可达厘米级的精度,在30 min窗口内,使用线性移动开窗拟合法效果最佳;③自模型化电离层改正可以有效消除平滑伪距电离层影响,随着时段窗口的增加,精度没有降低;④利用本文提出的算法进行逐历元单频平滑伪距单点定位,在静态与动态的NEU方向都达到了亚分米级别的定位精度,其中,动态定位测试中水平和高程方向精度为6.25和10.4 cm,比原始伪距分别提高了5.4倍和3.3倍。     

加强保护特色地质景观—北京延庆辛家栅子硅化木化石群

介绍了北京市延庆县千家店乡辛家栅子村北坡及上德隆湾村南坡发育的硅化木化石群的位置及其产出的地质特征、现存状态, 并提出了采取保护措施的建议     

Inferring seismic hazard in Sichuan-Yunnan region of China based on the modern earthquake catalogue (1980-2019)*

Based on the modern earthquake catalogue, the incomplete centroidal voronoi tessellation (ICVT) method was used in this study to estimate the seismic hazard in Sichuan-Yunnan region of China. We calculated spatial distributions of the total seismic hazard and background seismic hazard in this area. The Bayesian delaunay tessellation smoothing method put forward by Ogata was used to calculate the spatial distributions of b-value. The results show that seismic hazards in Sichuan-Yunnan region are high, and areas with relatively high hazard values are distributed along the main faults, while seismic hazards in Sichuan basin are relatively low.     

C-RESPONSES ESTIMATION OF ISOMERIC GEOMAGNETIC DATA IN CHINA

Geomagnetic depth sounding is an effective method for exploring deep structure of the earth. There are dense geomagnetic observatories in China, which lays a foundation to obtain the electrical structure of the transition zone and the upper part of the lower mantle beneath China. However, the corresponding C-responses estimation methods which are applied now cannot get the stable C-responses for many observatories. Thus, a large amount of geomagnetic data is wasted. Therefore, in order to make full use of the geomagnetic data, the estimation of C-responses needs to be systematically studied. Because of the heterogeneous characteristics of the data quality of China's geomagnetic observation data, such as the quality of the data, the length of the record, the types of data(absolute and relative observation)and data discontinuity condition, many geomagnetic data are abandoned, this limits the resolution of mantle electrical structure studies. In this paper, the following techniques are used to improve the stability of the data and increase the number of the available geomagnetic observatories, in the meantime, the stability of the C-responses curves can be effectively improved:1)obtaining the stable spectrums of the different components for each frequency by the BIRRP(Bounded Influence, Remote Reference Processing)software, and using the global smoothing technique to suppress data noise on geomagnetic data; 2)As for the geomagnetic data which only records the relative variation of the D, H and Z components and doesn't have the baseline value, the horizontal component is decomposed by the approximate estimation method to obtain the C-responses of the relative variation data, and then the relative variation data is used directly for the C-responses estimation; 3)the effects of discontinuous data and short-record data on C-responses estimation are discussed. Under normal conditions, the discontinuity of the data has little influence on C-responses, and when the data length is shorter than 5 years, we can hardly get the available C-responses whose periods are longer than 40 days. All these experiments can provide a basis for the data processing of these kinds of observation data; 4)for coastal observatories, the ratio method is used to eliminate the influence of ocean effect on the C-responses functions. After carefully processing the data of more than 100 geomagnetic observatories in China by the above techniques, the stable C-responses function of 42 observatories is finally obtained, among them, the number of the observatories with C-responses ranging from 1.3 to 113.7 days is 24, and the observatories with C-responses ranging from 1.3 to 42.6 days are 18. The techniques of this paper can process heterogeneous data well and obtain more stable C-responses, which provides more basic data for high-resolution geomagnetic depth sounding inversion researches in China.     

基于改进模糊综合-指数平滑法的地下水水质评价和预测

地下水水质评价是进行地下水资源开发、管理的基础,地下水水质预测是对未来的地下水水质变化趋势进行预报,可为地下水污染防治提供科学的依据。在模糊综合评价中,分别采用聚类权法、加权平均算子和级别特征值法,对传统方法的权重确定、算子选择和结果向量分析等关键环节进行改进;在指数平滑预测中,根据拟合结果确定指数平滑的类型,采用试算法选取权系数,并应用于大沽河地下水源地水质评价和预测。评价结果表明,改进的模糊综合评价可解决传统方法的不适性问题,可根据级别特征值比较评价等级相等的水质,更具实用性和合理性;预测结果表明,李戈庄采区和仁兆-朴木采区未来十年水质将持续恶化,且通过卡方检验分析2016-2017年预测的误差,验证了预测方法的有效性。