Optimization of the shape of Gaussian beams

The applicability and accuracy of the Gaussian beam method depend on the proper choice of the shape of beams. Gaussian beams become inaccurate solutions of the elastodynamic equation if the velocity field changes considerably within the beam width. We present a procedure of determining the optimum initial shape of Gaussian beams based on minimizing the average squared widths of Gaussian beams and smoothing the distribution of the optimum parameters of Gaussian beams on the Hamiltonian hypersurface in the phase-space. The original method of smoothing represents an essential part of the algorithm, which is designed particularly for the optimization of the shape of Gaussian beams for Gaussian beam or packet migrations.     

地震资料保边的最大一致性倾角扫描去噪方法

在石油天然气勘探开发中,由于断层和裂缝等地质特征是发现和描述油藏的基础,所以分辨和分析地震数据中这些地质特征是非常重要的。本文提出的一种保边界的最大一致性倾角扫描去噪方法,可以在很好地保留地质边界特征的情况下,有效地压制噪音,准确地拾取地层倾角信息,提高油气藏识别的精度。     

图像平滑与边缘检测的迭代算法

图像平滑和边缘检测是图像处理、计算机视觉等领域研究的经典问题。区别以往对这两个问题独立求解的做法，文中作者将图像平滑与边缘检测问题结合起来综合考虑。首先，提出了基于全局边缘特征的边缘检测算法并对自适应平滑算法进行了改进。然后，利用迭代处理的思想对图像进行平滑和边缘检测，得到了迭代的平滑与边缘检测算法。实验表明，该算法可以有效地解决平滑过程中的细节保持和边缘检测时剔除伪边缘这两个难题。     

Genetically meaningful decomposition of grain-size distributions

All spatio-temporal grain-size patterns in sediments can be characterized by a mathematical representation of (un)mixing. This implies that an inverse model of (un)mixing would be ideally suited to obtain genetically meaningful interpretations of observed grain-size distributions (GSDs). GSDs are therefore often decomposed into theoretical end members by parametric curve-fitting procedures. Many researchers have been tempted to use goodness-of-fit measures as a means of justifying such decompositions in the absence of generic process-based models of end-member GSDs. A critical examination of parametric curve fitting through a series of numerical experiments shows that the goodness-of-fit of an approximation may be a poor guide to its genetic significance. The genetic interpretation of GSDs is a poorly constrained problem that cannot be solved without taking into account the geological context of GSDs, which may be captured by the covariance structure of grain-size classes across a series of GSDs sampled in a contiguous area. Curve-fitting methods cannot exploit this geological context, which explains why the geological relevance of curve-fitting results obtained in black-box mode is questionable. The desired genetic interpretation of GSDs can be obtained by applying the end-member-modelling algorithm EMMA to a series of GSDs simultaneously. Many end-member GSDs estimated by EMMA do not conform to one of the popular theoretical GSD models. Consequently, parametric curve fitting with theoretical distributions is more likely to obscure than to reveal the existence of genetically significant grain-size populations in sediments, especially if such populations are present in small proportions.     

阿克苏河-塔里木河水系水质污染遥感监测与评价

采用Landsat TM数据分析了阿克苏河-塔里木河断面水质污染状况,通过波段的DN值和常规监测数据建立能反映水质状况的污染物监测模型.结果发现,将2000年常规监测数据代入模型后,与遥感数据的结果基本吻合;重建阿克苏河-塔里木河的连续水体污染变化曲线,得出污染物浓度随着远离上游而增加.     

A prior probability method for smoothing discriminant analysis classification maps

A statistical method is presented for smoothing discriminant analysis classification maps by including pixel-specific prior probability estimates that have been determined from the frequency of tentative class assignments in a window moving across an initial per-point classification map. The class at the center of the window is reevaluated using the data for that location and the prior probability estimates obtained from the window area. An example using Landsat spectral data demonstrates the effectiveness of the method and shows an increase in classification accuracy after smoothing.     

RESOLUTION OF STRONGLY OVERLAPPING TWO-WAY MULTICOMPONENT DATA BY MEANS OF HEURISTIC EVOLVING LATENT PROJECTIONS

High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection(HPLC-DAD)is used tocharacterize mixtures from chlorophyll α degradation experiments.Overlapping chromatographic peaksare resolved by means of the heuristic evolving latent projections(HELP)method.The HELP methodis a self-modelling curve resolution method.No assumptions are made about spectral and/orchromatographic peak shape.In the first step the method establishes the real noise level in the data byuse of the so-called zero-component regions.This information is used to reveal selective chromatographicinformation and the number of chemical species at every retention time in unresolved chromatographicpeaks.Utilising the selective chromatographic regions in combination with the zero-concentrationwindows,unique resolution into concentration profiles and spectra of the pure chemical species isaccomplished.HPLC-DAD data from six chlorophyll a degradation experiments were analysed.Consistent results were obtained even with very similar spectra for six or seven overlapping chemicalcomponents.     

A NEW MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR2-D FLOW

A new mathematical model for 2-D flow is formulated with accurate satisfac tion of boundary conditions in conjunction with square or any grids,so that it may also yield accurate results when the domain of computation is in the shape of a strip as occurring in rivers. The basic equations are split into three sets of compo- nent equations of which two sets may be transformed to the same form. This model is a part or a model devised for 2-D flows with sediment.     

A note on point process analysis of Chinese earthquake data

In the analysis of Chinese earthquake history byLee andBrillinger (1979), the autointensity function of the earthquake sequence is estimated, based on a parametric model for the catalog inclusion probabilities. We show that an estimate of the autointensity function with essentially the same features can be obtained by smoothing the data to yield a nonparametric estimate of the inclusion probabilities. In addition, however, we illustrate that a somewhat less smooth estimate would lead to an autointensity function with little structure. The shape of the estimated autointensity function is hence dependent on the assumed smoothness of the inclusion probabilities. This is an issue which cannot be resolved statistically.     

Vondrak滤波法在定点地形变资料分析中的应用

本文使用天文学数据处理中常用的Ｖｏｎｄｒａｋ平滑滤波法，对库尔勒短水准和呼图壁断层形变资料进行了高通、低通和带通数字滤波处理。结果表明，处理后的资料突出了地震前不同周期的地壳形变异常信息，降低了背景噪声和观测误差的影响。该方法对于识别形变异常有较好的效果。