The physico-chemical conditions of Turkwel Gorge Reservoir, a new man made lake in Northern Kenya

Variations in some physical, chemical, and nutrient conditions were investigated at Turkwel Gorge Reservoir and its inflowing river, Suam between 1994 and 1995. Seasonal changes in inflow volume had the greatest impact on the reservoir and river conditions investigated. A wide fluctuation in inflow volume combined with a regulated outflow independent of season resulted in a draw down of over 10 m in each year. Flood inflows during the wet season resulted in the lowest values of Secchi depth (range, 0.09–2.16 m), electrical conductivity (EC, range = 140–200 mS cm⁻¹) and total alkalinity (TA, range = 75–111 mg l⁻¹) while the highest values were measured during the dry season. A functional relation between EC and TA (TA = 0.529 mg l⁻¹, EC: R² = 0.876) suggests a predominance of carbonates among the anions. Vertical profiles of temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) revealed that the reservoir is monomictic with a wide variation in the depth of the daily mixed layer. High values of pH (range = 6.7–8.9) and DO (range = 4.9–9.2 mg l⁻¹) were associated with periods of peak phytoplankton photosynthesis while the lowest values followed reservoir mixing. Peak total nitrogen (TN, range = 119–526 μg l⁻¹) and total phosphorus (TP, range = 8.9–71.6 μg l⁻¹) levels during the wet season resulted from increased river loading. Values of dissolved reactive silica (DRS, range = 0.41–9.77 mg l⁻¹) showed a wet season decline which was related to diatom depletion during the wet season. Annual reservoir areal loading rates of 27.38, 10.90 and 408.5 mg m⁻² were computed for TN, TP and DRS respectively based on estimates of inflowing river loads in 1994.

At the inflowing river Suam, low levels of EC (range = 107–210 μS cm⁻¹) and TA (range = 62–125 mg l⁻¹) occurred during the wet season while the highest levels occurred shortly before the river dried up. The first flood water at the resumption of river inflow in March was characterized by very low levels of DO (range = 1.8–8.2 mg l⁻¹) and high levels of TN (range = 205–3354 μg l⁻¹) and TP (102–1259 μg l⁻¹). River pII (6.9–7.7) and DRs (range = 9.01–19.93 mg l⁻¹) varied irregularly throughout the year.     

应用底栖动物完整性指数评价北京市河流水生态环境质量

利用底栖动物完整性指数(B-IBI)评价河流生态环境状况已成为水生态健康评估和管理的重要方法。基于2020年秋季至2021年夏季对北京市五大水系115个样点的大型底栖动物、水体理化因子以及栖息地质量4个季度的调查数据,分别构建了北京市山区、平原区河流底栖动物完整性指数,并对其生态状况进行了评估。指标筛选结果显示:山区河流B-IBI核心指标包括总分类单元数、EPT相对丰度、BMWP指数、粘附者相对丰度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数;平原区河流B-IBI核心指标包括总分类单元数、摇蚊科相对丰度、EPTO相对丰度、耐污类群相对丰度。根据各参数值随干扰增强的变化趋势,采用比值法计算各指标的分值和评价标准。结果显示:在空间上,北京市山区河流处于良好状态,其中以潮白河水系生态状况最好,处于良好状态,蓟运河水系生态状况最差,处于很差状态;平原区河流处于中等状态,其中永定河、大清河水系处于良好状态,蓟运河、北运河以及潮白河水系均处于中等状态。在时间上,不同季节的B-IBI值无显著性差异,整体生态状况不受季节变化的影响,表明构建的北京市B-IBI评价体系在时间上具有良好的稳定性。多元回归分析显...     

滨海湿地蟹类分布特征及其生境影响因子分析——以江苏省条子泥为例

滨海湿地是具有特殊水文、土壤及生物特征的生态系统,蟹类作为其重要生物组成部分,在维护滨海湿地生态系统生物多样性方面具有重要意义。基于2022年6月野外调查数据,结合各环境因子的相关性分析与冗余分析结果,同时构建偏最小二乘结构方程模型,探究蟹类数量分布与关键生境因子之间的关系。结果表明,研究区内的蟹类共有5种,属沙蟹科(Ocypodidae)和方蟹科(Grapsidae),广泛分布于海堤向海一面的潮滩上,数量由陆向海总体减少,双齿近相手蟹(Sesarma bidens)是研究区蟹类的优势种。不同种蟹类生境偏好有所不同,双齿近相手蟹和天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)偏好互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)盐沼,弧边招潮蟹(Uca arcuata)偏好互花米草和碱蓬(Suaeda salsa)混合生境,伍氏拟厚蟹(Helice wuana)偏好碱蓬盐沼,日本大眼蟹(Macrophthalmus japonicus)偏好光滩生境。相关性分析和冗余分析结果表明蟹类数量与植物地上生物量、植被覆盖度、相对高程呈现显著正相关性,与淹水时长呈现显著负相关性。偏最小二...     

带有线性不等式约束平差模型的算法研究

本文研究参数带有不等式约束平差模型的一种新算法。采用的方法是先将参数带有不等式约束的最小二乘问题转换成凸二次规划问题,然后利用二次规划的Kuhn-Tucker条件把二次规划问题转换成线性互补问题(LCP),从而求得参数最小二乘估计的一般形式,并给出算法,便于在实际测量中应用。     

黄河三角洲孤东海域沉积物及水动力

根据黄河三角洲孤东近岸海域表层沉积物取样、水文泥沙观测和风浪资料推算,分析沉积物特征和运移趋势,并通过水动力条件(潮流和波浪)探讨沉积物起动和输移特征。结果表明,孤东海域沉积物多为粉砂类物质,由内向外逐渐变细,分选变差,丁坝的修建对周围粒径分布影响明显;沉积物运移趋势受风成余流、岸线轮廓和丁坝工程修建的影响,不同区域表现为不同的输移方向;研究区水动力表现为波浪掀沙、潮流输沙的特征,由于潮流较小,不足以引起泥沙的起动,泥沙起动主要由波浪引起。     

Larval fish assemblages,environment and circulation in a semienclosed sea (Gulf of California,Mexico)

Fish larvae and hydrographic data collected in the Gulf of California (GC) in December 2002 are used to describe larval fish assemblages (LFAs) and to explore their relationships with environmental variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence maximum, ?$?$ and superficial chlorophyll a). The Bray–Curtis dissimilarity index defined three LFAs, distributed in areas with distinctly different environmental conditions. The affinity of most of the species with the environmental characteristics of their areas of distribution could be interpreted as an indication that spawning occurred inside those areas. Particle tracking in current fields from a 3D numerical model and connectivity matrices are used to assess larval retention in the LFA areas. The technique is well suited for seas like the GC that have well-defined circulation patterns. On time scales around 30 days, retention (from 56% to 73% of the particles) occurred (1) for the North LFA in the Upper GC, (2) for the Channel-Center LFA in the anticyclone over the Northern GC and in Ballenas Channel, and (3) for the South LFA in the eddy over San Pedro Mártir basin and in the shallow zone off the peninsula. Therefore, the Lagrangian analysis revealed that the observed LFAs have a permanency long enough to allow fish larvae to remain in a favorable environment until they develop motility. The main particle export path (less than 26% of the particles) was from the North to the South LFA, following the anticyclonic main flow and coinciding with the gradient in species number and larval abundance.     

褐藻酸降解菌A7的发酵及产酶条件研究

以海藻废弃物堆肥中分离到的薄壁杆菌属（Gracillibacillus）的褐藻酸降解菌A7为研究对象,对该菌的生长及产酶条件进行了研究。结果表明,该菌的最适产酶条件为：温度30℃,海藻酸钠的质量分数0．5％,pH9．5,NaCl浓度0．5mol／L,以蛋白胨为主要氮源。在最佳条件下培养96h达到最高酶活力12．79U／mL。     

系缆式剖面测量平台运动性能分析

文章简单介绍了系缆式剖面测量平台的结构构成,围绕剖面测量平台升降运动的工作原理,着重对平台的一些固有的基本特性所产生的影响进行了分析,供有关人员参考交流。     

多功能变工况热泵干燥装置的设计分析

设计了可同时实现开式、闭式和半开式干燥介质循环,可在干燥过程中转换工艺、调节工况的热泵干燥装置,以热泵工质R134a为例进行了1匹热泵干燥装置的设计计算,就同一装置在变工况下的性能进行理论分析。结果表明,蒸发温度的提高可有效提高装置的性能及除湿能耗比,冷凝温度的降低可使装置的COP值升高,除湿能耗比下降。     

泉水信息在研究水文地质条件中的应用

根据仁村东泉、西泉流量变化特征与降水之间的有关信息 ,分析了泉域相应的水文地质条件 ,其与实际情况相吻合。用这种方法分析泉域水文地质条件 ,不仅可以加深对泉域水文地质条件的认识 ,而且对查明泉域水文地质条件 ,并合理投入工程量有着一定的指导意义。