ADCP声波流速流向剖面仪在海洋环境监测与评价中的应用

在简述ADCP声波流速流向剖面仪基本原理的基础上，结合几个典型的环境监测工程实例，简单地介绍了该技术在香港特别行政区海洋环境质量监测、海洋工程环境评价等方面的应用成果。工程应用的实际结果表明，采用ADCP技术能够获得良好的环境监测效果，阐明了这一技术在环境质量监测应用方面的重要性和有效性。     

中央报汛站现状与发展研究

本文在分析中央报汛站现状功能和布局的基础上,根据国家防汛抗旱工作的需要,对中央报汛站进行了规划研究.提出了站网发展的目标、原则和规模,该成果对于我国中央报汛站的发展具有一定的指导意义.     

Lithofacies Characters and Significance of the Submarine Fan of the Liufengguan Group in Qinling

Field investigation and laboratory research on flysch of the Liufengguan Group in Qinling indicate the following: (1) Sandstone of the Liufengguan Group is categorized as feldspathic lithic graywacke with a minor amount of lithic graywacke in the QFR triangular diagram. Grain size≤0.3 mm. Bedding plane structures such as groove casts and suspected flute casts can be found at the bottom of the sandstone. It is inferred that currents may have come from the southeast during deposition. Bedding structures such as ripple marks, graded bedding, parallel bedding, small-scale cross bedding, climbing bedding, suspected convolute bedding, microlamination and sliding structures have also been observed, which are of indicative significance. It is thought that the Liufengguan Group has the sedimentary characteristics of bedding, bedding plane structures and lithological assemblages of deep-sea low-density turbidity current deposits. The vertical succession of the Bouma sequence in the inner fan subfacies zone is generally incomplete: the assemblage of Ta and Tabc is commonly seen; the succession of the middle fan subfacies zone is relatively complete; and divisions Te and Tb are common in the outer fan subfacies zone. (2) The flysh of the Liufengguan Group is a sequence of deep-sea argillaceous-arenaceous submarine fan deposits, in which the authors recognize the inner, middle and outer fan subfacies and also nine types of lithofacies: normal graded sandstone (A1), medium- to thick-bedded, fine-grained sandstone (A2), medium- to thick-bedded and massive siltstone (A3), thin-bedded, fine-grained sandstone and mudstone (B1), irregular interbeds of thin-bedded, fine-grained sandstone and siltstone (B2), thin-bedded, fine-grained sandstone (C1), very thin-bedded, fine-grained sandstone (D1), olistostromes (E1) and deep-sea mudstone (F). The inner fan consists of four microfacies: natural levee (A1), water channel (A2, A3) and olistostrome (E1); in the middle fan there also occur four microfacies, i.e., branch channel (B1), branch channel (B2), interdistributary bay (D1) and olistostrome. The outer fan is made up of the branch channel (C1) and sheet sand (D1) microfacies, which alternate vertically with sediments of deep-sea plain subfacies (F). There occur fining- and thinning-upward channel deposits in the outer-fan subfacies zone of the submarine fan of the Liufengguan Group observed in this study. The quartz content of the graywacke of the deposits is all higher than 40% and may reach as high as 60%. Therefore, on the basis of the aforementioned features, this flysh should be formed in a passive continental-margin tectonic environment.     

正常曲流河道与深水弯曲水道的特征及异同点

深水弯曲水道是深水扇的重要组成部分,又是深水油气勘探、评价与开发过程中十分复杂且备受重视的储集体.近10年来,随着高分辨率三维地震数据的应用、现代深海调查、古代露头以及实验流体数值模拟的研究,在深水水道沉积体认识方面不断有新进展和新发现,陆续在西非、巴西和墨西哥湾等地发现了大型深水油气田.简述了正常曲流河道与深水弯曲水道两种沉积环境在形成背景、岩性特征、成因机制、地震响应特征(外部形态与内部结构)、沉积充填演化以及流体流变学特征等方面的异同点.     

多层介质点电流源磁场响应计算

介绍了点电流源层状介质模型磁电阻率法响应的模拟方法。由电流磁场的旋度公式出发,推导了多层介质中点电流源磁场的表达式,其为一个关于空间径向坐标和贝塞尔函数空间波数的二重积分。利用贝塞尔函数的性质可将该二重积分化为标准的贝塞尔积分,然后采用直接数值积分的方法计算该积分。在此过程中通过连分式展开加快积分求和的收敛速度。利用上述方法对海底天然气水合物模型点电流源产生的磁场进行了计算。模型计算结果表明,海底天然气水合物的存在能引起磁场较为明显的相对变化。     

基于电偶源的体积分方程法三维电磁反演

利用体积分方程对电偶源激发时均匀导电半空间频率域三维电磁场进行正反演计算。计算中参考Eaton等提出的方法将雅可比矩阵分为线性和非线性偏微分项求解,然后利用阻尼最小二乘技术进行最优化迭代拟合。这种反演方法具有更广的适用范围和更高的计算精度,能够准确、稳定地得到较高分辨率的地下三维异常体电阻率分布图像。     

Transformation,partitioning and flow–deposit interactions during the run‐out of megaflows

Four megabeds (I to IV) were recognized throughout the Cerro Bola inlier, a glacially influenced depositional area of the Carboniferous Paganzo Basin, south‐western La Rioja Province, Argentina. Such anomalous thick beds are associated with the collapse of an unstable basin margin after periods of large meltwater discharge and sediment accumulation. Failure of these previously deposited sediments triggered mass flows and associated turbidity currents into the basin. Megabed I is up to 188 m thick and was deposited during a transgressive stage by re‐sedimentation of ice‐rafted debris. Also part of the transgressive stage, Megabeds II, III and IV are up to 9 m thick and are associated with a dropstone‐free period of flooding. Megabeds were subdivided into three divisions (1 to 3) that represent a spectrum of flow properties and rheologies, indicative of a wide range of grain support mechanisms. These divisions are proposed as an idealized deposit that may or may not be completely present; the Cerro Bola megabeds thus display bipartite or tripartite organization, each division inferred to reflect a rheologically distinct phase of flow. Division 1 is a basal layer that consists of clast‐supported and matrix‐supported, pebble conglomerate, rarely followed by weak normally graded to ungraded, very coarse‐ to coarse‐grained sandstone. This lower interval is interpreted to be the deposit of a concentrated density flow and is absent in bipartite megabeds. Division 2 is represented by a mud‐rich sandstone matrix with dispersed granule to pebble‐size crystalline and mudstone clasts. It also includes fragments of sandstone up to boulder size, as well as rafts of cohesive muddy material and wood fragments. Division 2 is interpreted to be a result of debris‐flow deposition. A debrite‐related topography, resulting from the freezing of high yield strength material, captures and partially confines the succeeding upper division 3, which fills the topographic lows and pinches out against topographic highs. Division 3 is rich in mudstone chips and consists of very coarse‐grained, dirty sandstones grading upward to siltstones and mudstones. It is interpreted to be a deposit of a co‐genetic turbidity current. Spectral gamma ray and petrographic analyses indicate that both debrite and co‐genetic turbidite have high depositional mud content and are of similar composition. One of the megabeds is correlated with an initial slump‐derived debris flow, which suggests that the mass flow becomes partitioned both at the top, generating a co‐genetic turbidity current and, at the base, segregating into a concentrated density flow that seems to behave as a gravelly traction carpet.     

鄂西桐梓组一段碳酸盐台洼重力流沉积特征及其研究意义

鄂西秭归、长阳、巴东等地奥陶系桐梓组一段中碳酸盐台洼重力流沉积主要有４种类型：塌积角砾岩、碎屑流砾屑灰岩、颗粒流含砾砂屑灰岩、近源浊积灰岩。沉积特征和时空分布情况表明它们发生在两河口期早期海侵背景下（ＴＳＴ）。最初的岩崩塌积沉积受控于被动大陆边缘板内应力作用产生的构造事件,后来的重力流沉积旋回明显受渐进式海侵海平面升降波动的影响。台洼重力流沉积提供了早奥陶世华南被动大陆边缘向前陆盆地演变之前奏幕式事件在碳酸盐台地内的地层记录。讨论鄂西乃至上扬子区奥陶纪两河口期碳酸盐台洼重力流沉积的背景、成因、受控因素及研究意义。     

盐度变化对铝牺牲阳极保护效果的影响

为研究河流入海口处盐度周期变化时铝牺牲阳极对钢结构的保护效果,测试对比了盐度固定与盐度循环条件下Q235钢有无阳极保护时的腐蚀失重和电位变化、铝牺牲阳极的电流效率.结果表明盐度循环会造成Q235钢的严重腐蚀,盐度差越大腐蚀越严重,甚至可能超过天然海水的腐蚀程度;在盐度循环条件下铝牺牲阳极对Q235钢具有良好的保护效果,...     

渤、黄、东海M2和K1分潮潮流场的有限元模拟

使用有限元模式(QUODDY)数值模拟了渤、黄、东海浅水区的M2和K1分潮潮流场。对于M2分潮潮流场,东分量和北分量的潮流调和常数与16个测站观测资料的平均绝对误差分别为8.23 cm/s,23.74°();7.36 cm/s,27.78(°)。对于K1分潮潮流场,则分别为8.39 cm/s,36.48(°);9.40 cm/s,38.04(°)。文中得到的M2分潮流在模拟海区共有9个圆流点(秦皇岛附近1个,莱州湾口1个,山东半岛北部海域2个,黄海北部2个,苏北辐射沙洲的外侧1个,舟山群岛东南海域2个)。K1分潮流在模拟海域也存在9个圆流点(秦皇岛附近1个,莱州湾口1个,北黄海2个,南黄海1个,苏北辐射沙洲的外侧1个,济州岛东南海域3个),其中黄海北部偏北的圆流点(39°25′N,123°05′E)和济州岛东南海域最东南的圆流点(32°50′N,127°50′E)以前未见过报道。