膨胀岩边坡工程中膨胀与流变的耦合效应

根据南昆线膨胀岩的膨胀粘滞性质，提出了将膨胀问题转化为膨胀－流变问题的力学模型，继而建立膨胀和流变的耦合模型，通过有限元计算，得到由膨胀和流变共同作用生成的附加应力及其分布规律，并对挡墙设计提出合理建议。     

岩体系统渗流场与应力场耦合的广义双重介质模型的应用研究

本文通过实验资料分析, 提出了裂隙岩体应力与渗流之间的分形几何关系式。以研究区岩体系统结构为基础, 提出了岩体系统应力场与渗流场耦合的广义双重介质模型, 并将该模型应用于某水利水电工程的渗流与控制中, 对坝区岩体进行了应力场和渗流场的耦合分析, 取得了比较满意的结果。     

Metal donation and apo-metalloenzyme activation by stable isotopically labeled metallothionein

Coupled HPLC-ICP-MS has been used to quantitatively study the effects of GSSG and GSH on the ability of metallothionein (MTII) to donate essential and non-essential metals to apo-carbonic anhydrase. Stable isotopically labeled (67)Zn(3)Cd(4) MTII was used to enable Zn donated from MTII to be differentiated from extraneous sources of Zn. Transfer of both (67)Zn and Cd from MTII to apo-carbonic anhydrase was noted in the absence of either GSSG or GSH. GSSG increased the initial transfer of both Zn and Cd. Thereafter, a gradual increase in the (67)Zn content at the expense of Cd was noted over 24-h indicating continued interaction and exchange between MTII and the enzyme commensurate with the relative preferences shown by the proteins for these two metals. Although GSH also increased transfer of (67)Zn from MT it reduced the simultaneous transfer of Cd to the enzyme thereby conferring protection against Cd induced activation.     

Analysis of A Braced Excavation In Soft Soils Considering The Consolidation Effect

The studies of excavations in soft clayey soils are normally based on undrained total stress analyses. A better approach consists of taking into account the effects of consolidation during the excavation-bracing process and after the completion of the construction by means of coupled finite element analyses in effective stresses. In this paper, the geotechnical behaviour of a braced excavation in the soft soils of San Francisco (USA) is analysed, both during and after the construction period. Numerical analyses are performed with a finite element program, which incorporates the Biot consolidation theory (coupled formulation of the water flow and equilibrium equations) and soil constitutive relations simulated by the p-q-θ critical state model. Numerical results are compared with field results.     

一个具有高分辨率海洋分量的海气耦合模式

发展了中国科学院大气物理研究所（IAP）大气科学与地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG)全球海-陆-气耦合系统模式的一个新版本（GOALS-5），其中海洋分量是基于30层高分辨率的海洋环流模式。对该耦合模式成功地进行了30年的积分，基本上克服了气候飘移。与GOALS较早的几个版本模拟的SST相比，北半球夏季中高纬地区的误差显著改善，可能主要是由于采用了GM90的等密度混合方案使经向热输送增强的结果。对赤道中东太平洋冷暖事件有较好的模拟能力，并且对SST变率的模拟在位置和强度上比旧版本有明显改善。     

Shear dispersion in a fracture with porous walls

We present an analytical expression for the shear dispersion during solute transport in a coupled fracture–matrix system. The dispersion coefficient is obtained in a fracture with porous walls by taking into account an accurate boundary condition at the interface between the matrix and fracture, and the results were compared with those in a non-coupled system. The analysis presented identifies three regimes: diffusion-dominated, transition, and advection-dominated. The results showed that it is important to consider the exchange of solute between the fracture and matrix in development of the shear dispersion coefficient for the transition and advection-dominated regimes. The new dispersion coefficient is obtained by imposing the continuity of concentrations and mass fluxes along the porous walls. The resulting equivalent transport equation revealed that the effective velocity in a fracture increases while the dispersion coefficient decreases due to mass transfer between the matrix and fracture. A larger effective advection term leads to greater storage of mass in the matrix as compared with the classical double-porosity model with a non-coupled dispersion coefficient. The findings of this study can be used for modeling of tracer tests as well as fate, transport, and remediation of groundwater contaminants in fractured rocks.     

地质力学磁力模型试验原理及其在工程中的应用

地质力学磁力模型试验借鉴土工离心模型试验中利用离心力模拟重力的思想。在均匀梯度磁场中,掺有铁磁材料的相似材料会受到均匀的磁力作用,由此可以利用均匀的磁力场模拟重力场。根据电磁学基本原理和磁路设计原理,设计并制造了一台2 000匝线圈的均匀梯度磁场发生装置。该装置在220 V电压情况下,能够产生0～16 A电流,在1.2 m×1.2 m×1.0 m试验空间内,可将磁性相似材料的重度提高10～30倍。以锦屏一级电站左岸高陡边坡为例,进行地质力学磁力模型试验。试验结果表明,在一定的电流作用下,可以使模型所受体力的提高倍数达到相似比的要求,并与数值模拟结果进行了对比,试验结果与计算结果基本一致。在增加通电电流时,试验设备可以模拟边坡的超载过程,进而可以求出边坡的超载安全系数。     

Technical Challenges and Engineering Solutions for Gas Pipelines in Permafrost Regions: A Review

Oil and gas pipelines in permafrost regions differ greatly from those in temperate climate zones. People only know that these pipelines were constructed in remote areas with fragile environments. However, gas pipeline engineering, construction, operation and management will face a series of unique problems because of unforgiving environment, special hydrogeology, engineering geology, and freezing and thawing disasters. Being different from the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System, Roman Wells Oil Pipeline, China-Russia Crude Oil Pipeline from Mo’he to Daqing and Golmud-Lhasa Oil Products Pipeline, natural gas pipelines in permafrost regions face new problems and challenges in many areas including different transporting media, gas flow temperature control and environmental protection. This paper systematically reviewed issues such as chilled transporting processes, coupled hydrothermal-hydraulic-mechanical modeling of the pipe-soil system, temperature overrun in station outage scenarios, engineering constraints of stress-based design, single laying method and low reliability of monitoring system during operating stage. Initial framework solutions were proposed in the hope of identifying new approaches for gas pipeline in northern and upland permafrost regions.     

地质样品中高精度铬同位素分析纯化技术研究进展

随着多接收器热电离质谱仪(MC-TIMS)和多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)的发展,高精度铬(Cr)同位素测试已成为可能。铬同位素在地球、环境、农业生态和宇宙化学等科学领域中已显示出良好的应用潜力。然而,样品的纯化分离、干扰和仪器质量分馏的校正,依然是制约铬同位素高精度测试的重要因素。本文在近年来铬同位素分析技术最新进展的基础上,结合本课题组已有的研究,对陨石、地质和环境等各类样品中铬同位素的分离纯化方法、MC-ICP-MS测试中干扰与质量歧视校正等进行了详细综述。本文认为,阴阳离子树脂交换联用与过硫酸钾等强氧化剂的结合,可以进行低铬高基质样品的有效纯化,是一种较为普适性的纯化方法。使用铬同位素双稀释剂校正质量歧视效应,在MC-ICP-MS的中高分辨与静态测量模式下,不仅可以有效分开多原子离子的干扰,而且也可以进行高精度铬同位素分析,其δ~(53/52)Cr的分析精度与TIMS相当,可以达到0.04‰(2SD),且最低测试浓度可低至10ng,能够实现超微量铬的同位素分析。     

基于原位多元素成像分析龙马溪组笔石成因及地质意义

上扬子地区龙马溪组黑色页岩富含笔石,多以碳质薄膜形式富集于富有机质层段。前期研究多关注笔石形态和成岩后的演化过程,对笔石埋藏和早成岩阶段所经历地球化学作用的研究较少,笔石成因仍缺乏直接证据。本文利用激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱(LA-ICP-MS)技术对宁203井龙马溪组笔石进行原位微区多元素扫描成像,对主量成矿元素分布与富集程度进行解析,发现了碳质薄膜笔石体表面富集Mg、Al、Si、Fe元素,富集倍数在1.5～10倍以上,Sr/Ba值(1.4～2.3)则明显低于围岩(5.0),指示黏土矿物包埋是笔石碳化的主要途径,包埋形成的硫化微环境导致部分笔石发生黄铁矿化。结合面笔石率、有机质、黄铁矿、黏土矿物含量和δ~(13)C_(org)值的剖面垂向变化及相关性分析,提出早期微生物席繁盛和后期硫酸盐还原菌繁盛导致水岩界面孔隙水普遍缺氧,是笔石和有机质大量埋存的主要原因。本研究结果不仅揭示了龙马溪组笔石的埋藏矿化机制,也为有机质富集和黑色页岩形成的控制因素研究提供了新思路。