Wave-induced dynamic response of saturated multi-layer porous media: Analytical solutions and validity regions of various formulations in non-dimensional parametric space

In this paper, dynamic response of saturated-layered porous media under harmonic waves is evaluated through a semi-analytical solution. The coupled differential equations governing the dynamics of saturated or nearly saturated porous media such as soils containing all the inertial terms of solid and fluid phases are presented for a multi-layer system. Possible simplifications of the equations which are called formulations are introduced based upon the presence of inertial terms associated with the phases. The semi-analytical solutions to the response of multiple layers for all the formulations are presented in terms of pore water pressure and stress variations considering a set of non-dimensional parameters and their respective ratios. Validity of the formulations is presented in a non-dimensional parametric space. The maximum discrepancies in the pore pressure response of the formulations leading to validity regions are illustrated for typical dynamic problems. Subsequently, the effects of layering and drainage conditions on these regions are also presented. The proposed semi-analytical solution may be served as a benchmark one for validating the coupled numerical solutions, which can be used to deal with real scientific and geo-engineering problems in the emerging field of computational geomechanics.     

地质力学模型相似材料配比的正交试验研究

选择正确的相似材料是进行地质力学模型试验的前提,然而,选择合适的材料配比是成功模拟原型工程的关键。经过对大量的相似材料研究现状的调研,在借鉴前人经验的基础上,选择以铁矿粉、重晶石粉、石英砂为骨料,松香酒精溶液为胶结剂,石膏为调节剂的铁晶砂胶结剂作为模型试验的相似材料。采用正交试验法进行配比试验,选择了4因素3水平的正交试验表设置,一共9组配比试验方案,制作小模型试块。通过对小模型试块的物理力学性质试验,获得了相似材料密度、抗压/拉强度、弹性模量、泊松比、黏聚力、内摩擦角等参数指标,运用极差分析法分析了各个因素对相似材料参数指标影响的主次关系以及影响的规律特性。试验发现,胶结剂浓度对相似材料的主要参数指标影响显著。     

Mitigation of railway induced ground vibration by heavy masses next to the track

The effectiveness of heavy masses next to the track as a measure for the reduction of railway induced ground vibration is investigated by means of numerical simulations. It is assumed that the heavy masses are placed in a continuous row along the track forming a wall. Such a continuous wall could be built as a gabion wall and also used as a noise barrier. Since the performance of mitigation measures on the transmission path strongly depends on local ground conditions, a parametric study is performed for a range of possible designs in a set of different ground types. A two-and-a-half dimensional coupled finite element–boundary element methodology is used, assuming that the geometry of the problem is uniform in the direction along the track. It is found that the heavy masses start to be effective above the mass–spring resonance frequency which is determined by the dynamic stiffness of the soil and the mass of the wall. At frequencies above this resonance frequency, masses at the soil׳s surface hinder the propagation of surface waves. It is therefore beneficial to make the footprint of the masses as large and stiff as possible. For homogeneous soil conditions, the effectiveness is nearly independent of the distance behind the wall. In the case of a layered soil with a soft top layer, the vibration reduction strongly decreases with increasing distance from the wall.     

基于Lorenz规范条件下磁矢势和标势耦合方程的频率域电磁法三维正演

为了克服空气层和地表耦合以及避免一次场计算,开发适合不同类型场源、不同应用范围的频率域三维正演模拟统一平台,本文从麦克斯韦基本方程出发,推导基于Lorenz规范条件的磁矢势和标势耦合方程;通过将不同类型场源分解成一系列短导线(电性)源组合,采用交错网格采样和有限体积技术对方程进行离散得到对称大型稀疏线性方程组,并采用Jacobi迭代预处理QMR(Quasi-Minimum-Residual,拟最小残差)算法进行求解,我们成功实现不同类型场源、不同应用范围的频率域电磁法三维正演模拟.通过层状模型下大地电磁法以及有限长接地导线和大回线磁性源激发下的电磁场响应模拟,并与一维解析解对比验证算法的有效性.进而,我们利用该算法平台的模拟结果对典型地电模型在不同场源激发下频率域电磁法响应特征进行对比分析.本文算法研究及实现为建立频率域电磁法三维正反演统一框架打下基础.     

沉淀基体分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定高纯硝酸银中痕量杂质元素

高纯硝酸银中痕量杂质元素的存在会影响其性能和质量,为提高现代测试技术分析痕量杂质元素的准确度,需要解决的首要问题是通过加入沉淀剂或还原剂将银除去,克服基体元素的基体效应。本文提出采用10 mL 10 g/L柠檬酸-5 g/L乙醇酸作络合保护剂,12 mL 100 g/L氯化铵作沉淀剂,建立了沉淀基体分离-电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定高纯硝酸银中15种痕量杂质元素的分析方法。探讨了络合剂和沉淀剂浓度及用量、质谱干扰及同位素选择、非质谱干扰及内标选择、实验空白值等因素对测定结果的影响。在最佳的实验条件下,Cu、Pb、Ni、Mn、Au、Pd、Pt、Rh、Ru、Ir元素在0~100 ng/mL,Fe、Hg、Bi、Cr、Sn元素在0~250ng/mL浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系。方法检出限(3σ)为0.005~0.062 ng/g,方法精密度(RSD,n=11)为0.6%~2.6%,加标回收率为94.1%~103.1%。与现行的分析方法相比,本方法采用的络合剂和沉淀剂能将基体元素与杂质元素完全分离而不影响测定结果;实验流程简单快速,检出限低,准确度和精密度均满足了实际样品的分析要求。     

地质力学方法在区域地质矿产调查及矿床勘探中的应用

就地质力学从实践中抽象出来的若干规律在区域地质矿产调查诸多方面的应用作了归纳,并通过若干典型实例,阐明了地质力学方法在区调中的应用具有广阔的前景。阐明了地质力学方法在矿床勘探中具有战术的指导作用。最后扼要阐述了地质力学发展前景。     

RETRIEVING ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE FROM NOAA-15 ATOVS MEASUREMENTS

This paper describes briefly the sounding capabilities of TOVS/ATOVS onboard the NOAApolar-orbiting meteorological satellites,followed by a more detailed review of the retrievalschemes.The ICI physical retrieval scheme with some adaptations is implemented in ourexperiment.The analyses of the Chinese regional NWP model are utilized to create a rolling libraryof initial guess field.Retrieval results validated against both NWP analyses and radiosondesindicate good agreement between ICI retrievals and conventional observations.Preliminary resultfrom the PC-ATOVS Windows display system of NSMC will also be shown.     

耦合模式长期积分中东亚夏季风与ENSO联系的不稳定性

通过对挪威卑尔根全球大气-海洋-海冰耦合模式300a控制积分结果进行交叉子波分析,揭示了东亚夏季风（EASM）与同期Nio3区（90°W～150°W,5°S～5°N）海洋表面温度异常的相关关系在长期变化中是不稳定的,呈现出明显的阶段性特征.气候要素场在二者联系的紧密（HCP）和微弱（LCP）时期差别显著,在HCP时期,西北太平洋对流层低层出现一对耦合的异常气旋和反气旋性环流系统;东南亚地区对流层低层表现为强东风异常,风速的年际变率加大;热带西太平洋对流层温度和位势高度场的年际变率普遍加强.此外,中国夏季降水与同期Nio3区海洋表面温度异常的相关关系在上述两种时期也存在较大差别.     

高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定地质样品中稀土元素的氧化物干扰研究

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)用于测定稀土元素经常会引起M+、MO+、MOH+离子的质谱重叠干扰,其中制约分析准确度和精密度的主要因素是多原子离子干扰,尤其是轻稀土元素的氧化物和氢氧化物对重稀土元素的干扰,以及钡的7个天然同位素形成的氧化物和氢氧化物对轻稀土元素的干扰.本文采用高温高压密闭消解地质样品,高分辨电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定其中的痕量稀土元素,研究了低、中、高三种分辨率模式下氧化物的干扰情况,确定了最佳的测定同位素和合适的分辨率.分析结果表明,在低、中分辨率模式下,轻稀土元素Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm的氧化物和Ba的氧化物干扰明显,Gd元素的测定值严重偏离;在高分辨模式下,Ba氧化物对Eu的干扰以及大部分轻稀土元素氧化物对重稀土元素的干扰基本可以消除,无需进行校正,而只有157Gd受到141pr16O的干扰突出,当样品中Pr/Gd的浓度比值大于100时,Gd的测量值必须进行数学校正.     

楚雄盆地砂岩型铜矿床构造-流体耦合成矿模型

砂岩型铜矿床是楚雄陆相红层盆地的典型矿床类型。在构造-流体-成矿体系的动力学演化中,该类矿床的形成经历了沉积-成岩成矿作用、改造成矿作用及后期断裂作用的演化过程:燕山中晚期形成煤-铜-盐"三色建造"和盆地流体;喜马拉雅早期构造-热演化形成褶皱圈闭盆地流体,来自基底的富铜流体沿同生断裂(隐伏断裂)上升将一些亲铜元素从深部带入煤层而被吸附,形成富铜的还原性流体(H2O-SO2-CO2-CH4(C3H8-C2H6)-HSO4-HCO3-型),还原性流体沿次级断裂、隐伏断裂和层间断裂及轴面变形带上升,与大气降水深循环淋滤膏盐层形成高盐度的氧化性流体(H2O-SO2-CO2-N2-CO-HSO4-型)在砂(页)岩相遇时发生水-岩相互作用,并封闭于高孔渗的砂(页)岩储层,在褶皱翼部或核部的中细粒砂岩和层间断裂带中形成层状、似层状矿体;喜马拉雅中期由于构造改造,在更次级断裂带中形成脉状矿(化)体。所以,该类矿床是褶皱构造圈闭盆地流体-含矿岩相和构造裂隙封闭成矿流体定位成矿的产物,是铜矿源、构造与流体三者耦合作用的结果,更好地解释了矿床既沿褶皱分布又沿含矿层定位及矿物、元素分带的主要原因。故建立了该类矿床的构造-流体耦合成矿模型。