安基山铜矿床地质—地球物理模型及其找矿意义

安基山铜矿床是长江中下游成矿带东段的典型矿床之一,对控制该矿床的3条主勘探线的钻孔岩心进行了系统的物性测定,建立了矿床地质体与物性体的相关关系,通过对物性体正演的重、磁异常与实测异常对比,以及对矿区地球物理场的平而和剖面分布规律的总结,建立了安基山铜矿床的地质-地球物理模型,在此基础上建立了具有普遍意义的中等剥蚀深度下的同类矿床的地质一地球物理模型,阐述了模型的找矿意义。     

Structural analysis and 3D modelling of major mineralizing structures at the Phalaborwa copper deposit

The c. 2060 Ma Phalaborwa Igneous Complex forms an elongate intrusion into Archean granitic gneiss. The carbonatite within the central pyroxenite core of the complex (Loolekop) is well-mineralized in copper. Open pit mining operations started in 1965, followed by underground block caving in 2003. Although little attention has been paid to large-scale structures associated with intrusive phases and mineralization, ongoing infrastructure development and block caving, as part of the new Lift II Project, require far greater resolution of structural discontinuities. 3D modelling of these structures, from over 50 years of data, reveals that Loolekop occurs at the confluence of several major shears or fault zones. Of these, five major structures were pivotal in the emplacement of banded carbonatite, transgressive carbonatite and very late-stage, narrow, E-W trending, sulphide veinlets with short down-dip and along-strike extensions, which form the bulk of mineralization. Modelled structures typically have two or more segments, which are rotated with respect to one another, in turn suggesting repeated rotation or torsion of the entire intrusive volume, aided by cross-cutting structures. The oldest structure is the N-S trending Mica Fault Zone, which shows the same trend as the entire carbonatite complex and the nearby eastern edge of the Kaapvaal Craton and the Lebombo Lineament. The youngest structure is the Central Fault, which shows an E-W inflection that is co-incident with the carbonatite and the E-W, vein-hosted Cu mineralization trend. Based on cross-cutting relationships, sinistral movement along the Central Fault Zone and its localized E-W dilational jog is invoked as a mechanism for transgressive carbonatite emplacement and the introduction of late-stage Cu-rich fluids into numerous tensional veinlets. This shearing would have been caused by an E-W trending maximum principal stress orientation. In turn, this corresponds with the orientation of near-field, eastward-directed stress along the eastern lobe of the Bushveld Complex during its emplacement and subsequent deformation.     

Antifouling biocides in discarded marine paint particles

Antifouling paint fragments collected from marinas and leisure boat maintenance facilities and in the vicinity of abandoned boats have been chemically characterised. High concentrations of Cu (23-380 mg g⁻¹) and Zn (14-160 mg g⁻¹) in the samples (n = 14) are consistent with the use of these metals in the principal biocidal and non-biocidal pigments in contemporary antifouling formulations. Up to about 2% and 7% of the respective metals were solvent-extractable, suggesting that organo-forms of Cu and Zn (e.g. pyrithiones) were also present. Of the organic biocides, dichlofluanid was present in most samples and at concentrations up to about 20 mg g⁻¹. Chlorothalonil and Irgarol 1051® were only detected in one and four cases, respectively, and Sea Nine 211® was not detected in any sample. Results are discussed in terms of UK legislation regarding biocide usage and the likely effects and fate of discarded paint particles in coastal environments where boats are repaired or moored.     

The toxicological interaction between ocean acidity and metals in coastal meiobenthic copepods

Increased atmospheric CO₂ concentrations are causing greater dissolution of CO₂ into seawater, and are ultimately responsible for today’s ongoing ocean acidification. We manipulated seawater acidity by addition of HCl and by increasing CO₂ concentration and observed that two coastal harpacticoid copepods, Amphiascoides atopus and Schizopera knabeni were both more sensitive to increased acidity when generated by CO₂. The present study indicates that copepods living in environments more prone to hypercapnia, such as mudflats where S. knabeni lives, may be less sensitive to future acidification. Ocean acidification is also expected to alter the toxicity of waterborne metals by influencing their speciation in seawater. CO₂ enrichment did not affect the free-ion concentration of Cd but did increase the free-ion concentration of Cu. Antagonistic toxicities were observed between CO₂ with Cd, Cu and Cu free-ion in A. atopus. This interaction could be due to a competition for H⁺ and metals for binding sites.     

四川九龙里伍地区笋叶林铜矿床地质特征

四川九龙笋叶林铜矿床位于江浪岩浆-变质核杂岩北部,是里伍铜矿外围一个矿区。本文从地层、构造、岩浆岩、围岩蚀变、矿体特征、矿石特征等方面进行矿床地质特征分析。并通过钻孔深部验证,着重对S-3和S-4矿体的深部延伸情况进行了研究。研究发现笋叶林矿区围岩蚀变十分强烈;矿体呈似层状产出,品位、厚度等在深部变化较大,深部发现多层矿化体,矿石品位普遍不高;硅化石英脉、绢白云母化、石榴石化与矿化关系密切。最后,认为在外围的笋叶林矿区寻找铜矿有较好的前景。     

Inhibition of larval swimming activity of the coral (Platygyra acuta) by interactive thermal and chemical stresses

This study examined the interactive effects of copper and elevated temperature and subsequent depuration on Platygyra acuta coral larvae. Larval mortality and motility were significantly affected by copper alone (70% and 100% inhibition respectively). Their respective lethal/inhibitory concentration (LC₅₀/IC₅₀) were 10–130% and 86–193% higher than those reported for other larvae. Temperature (ambient, 27 °C and elevated, 30 °C) alone and the combination of temperature and copper did not significantly affect both endpoints. This study provides the first quantitative data on depuration effect on resumption of larval motility after copper exposure, although no sign of larval recovery was observed. These findings suggest that the effects of copper pollution outweigh the thermal tolerance of coral larvae. High LC₅₀ and IC₅₀ recorded may be unique for corals from marginal reefs like Hong Kong which have already been exposed to high levels of copper pollution.     

云南羊拉铜矿三维地质建模及储量计算

以云南羊拉铜矿的断层、地层、岩体、矿体为研究对象,在分析研究建模技术方案的基础上,依据收集到的钻孔柱状图、勘探线剖面图、中段地质图和地形地质图,结合野外踏勘与认识,利用Micromine软件建立了研究区的地形、地层、断层以及矿体的三维实体模型,直观展示了区内地表、断层、地层、岩体以及矿体的空间展布以及相互的空间位置关系。运用克里格法对里农矿段的铜矿体进行品位估值,获得了矿体的储量。     

新疆准噶尔北缘玉勒肯哈腊苏斑岩铜矿床年代学研究

玉勒肯哈腊苏铜矿是近几年准噶尔北缘卡拉先格尔斑岩铜矿带发现的又一个中型斑岩铜矿,其成岩成矿年代学的研究可以对矿床模型构建、区域成矿规律的总结提供制约。矿区侵入岩发育,矿化主要受闪长玢岩控制,少部分赋存在似斑状黑云母石英二长岩和北塔山组火山岩、火山碎屑岩中。本文利用锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb法和辉钼矿Re-Os法对矿区岩体和矿化进行了成岩成矿年代学研究。结合前人的研究,认为矿区存在5次主要岩浆侵入事件:382Ma石英闪长岩侵入,379Ma形成含矿闪长玢岩,375～374Ma形成似斑状黑云石英二长岩,348Ma形成黑云母石英斑岩脉,266Ma形成二长斑岩,前三次岩浆侵入活动对应构造环境为板块俯冲阶段,后二次岩浆侵入活动为后碰撞阶段。9件辉钼矿样品Re-Os同位素等时线年龄为373.9±2.2Ma,表明铜钼成矿时代为中泥盆世晚期,与闪长玢岩侵入有关。     

The Plat Sjambok Anorthosite and its tonalitic country rocks: Mesoproterozoic pre-tectonic intrusions in the Kaaien Terrane,Namaqua–Natal Province,southern Africa

The Plat Sjambok Anorthosite crops out near Prieska Copper Mines in the Namaqua–Natal Province of southern Africa. It is a massif-type anorthosite, previously regarded as a late-tectonic intrusion and part of the ca. 1100 Ma bimodal Keimoes Suite. Our new ion probe U–Pb zircon data show that the Plat Sjambok massif intruded at 1259 ± 5 Ma, before the 1220 Ma Namaqua collision events and is thus approximately 150 million years older than the Keimoes Suite. Despite the proximity to Prieska Mines, the anorthosite is located in the Kaaien Terrane close to the Brakbos Fault, which is the boundary with the Areachap Terrane in which Prieska Mines is situated. We dated the Nelspoortjie Tonalite, the main country rock of the Plat Sjambok Anorthosite, by laser ablation ICPMS at 1273 ± 13 Ma. Both intrusions thus originated concurrently with the 1286–1241 Ma volcanic rocks of the Areachap Group, which developed in a subduction-related arc setting, prior to its collision with the Kaaien Terrane and Kaapvaal Craton. Metamorphic zircon rims in the Plat Sjambok Anorthosite give an age of 1122 ± 7 Ma, a time that corresponds to a quiet period in the Areachap Terrane. We propose a tectonic model in which formation of the Nelspoortjie Tonalite and Plat Sjambok Anorthosite was driven by intrusions from the mantle into a back-arc related tensional environment within the Kaaien Terrane, possibly situated above an Archaean crustal tongue. This led to heating in a thickened crustal setting in which the tonalite originated as a partial melt of amphibolite. The anorthosite then formed as a mixture of mantle-derived gabbro and Archaean crustal rocks, which explains the 2100–2600 Ma zircon–Hf crustal residence ages and the Sm–Nd trend towards an old crustal source. The anorthosite and its country rocks were only juxtaposed with the Prieska Copper Mining District by late-tectonic uplift and transpressional movements on the Brakbos Fault towards the end of the Namaqua tectogenesis.     

新疆若羌喀腊大湾铜矿床地质特征、找矿标志及找矿方向

喀腊大湾铜矿大地构造位置属塔里木板块塔里木古陆缘地块红柳沟-拉配泉奥陶纪裂谷带,矿床位于阿尔金北缘断裂带南侧、喀腊达坂断裂与喀腊大湾断裂交汇部位。矿体产于蓟县系卓阿布拉克组火山岩地层中,是一个以铜为主,共(伴)生铅锌的火山岩型硫化物矿床。综合本区地质及地球物理、地球化学特征,总结该类矿床找矿标志,为该地区寻找蓟县系海相火山岩中块状硫化物矿床指明方向。