Phenotypic plasticity of Vermetidae suspension feeding: a potential bias in their use as Biological Sea-Level Indicators

Some organisms represent useful Biological Sea‐Level Indicators (Bio SLI) thanks to their constant position relative to sea level and allow the reconstruction of past sea level changes. The sessile gastropods Vermetidae are among the most used indicators, since their shells often resist time averaging and can be easily dated with ¹⁴C. However, all these vermetids have a level of precision (± 0.5–1 m), obtained from data on the Mediterranean Dendropoma petraeum (Monterosato, 1884). We found a certain degree of plasticity in this species; it can also live subtidally, not in correspondence with the main sea level, where it feeds adopting a mixed feeding strategy. Considering this variability and the almost complete lack of knowledge for other Bio SLI vermetids, it appears clear that a common value of precision cannot be maintained and the precision of other vermetid species remains to be tested.     

三峡库区重庆市丰都县滑坡灾害危险性评价

在对三峡库区丰都县滑坡灾害调查和统计分析的基础上,初步概括了滑坡灾害的分布特征和主要影响因素,进而利用综合信息模型评价了丰都县滑坡灾害的危险性,将丰都县滑坡灾害的危险性划分为高危险区、中危险区、低危险区和基本安全区4个等级。其中,高危险区和中危险区分别占全县总面积的2.6%和23.2%,主要分布在长江干流及其支流两岸的居民相对集中区,不同规模的滑坡灾害经常发生,因此潜在危害也很大;低危险区占全县总面积的47.5%,偶有小规模的滑坡灾害发生;基本安全区占全县总面积的25.5%,在人为因素的诱发下可能偶有小规模的滑坡灾害发生,适合于大型工程建设和城镇居民点建设。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠高大复合纵向沙垄区路面沙害情势的变化特征

为了探讨机械防护体系人工防护工作停止后,公路路面沙害的形成和发育过程,分别于2003年和2007年对塔中地区一段井场路的路面沙害进行了实地测量和卫片室内量测,研究发现在塔克拉玛干沙漠公路复合型纵向沙垄区段,公路芦苇机械防沙体系极度衰竭后,路面沙害情势变化呈现一定的规律性:(1)2003年-2007年四年间公路沙害发展迅速,路面沙害程度进一步加重.路面沙害路段长度以年均2%的比例增加,沙害路段数也快速增加;路面沙害面积以每年平均10%的面积比例快速发展;沙丘前移压埋类型发展速度明显高于积沙类型.(2)沙垄区路面沙害发生频率和路面沙害程度的发展速率要远高于垄间区,在沙垄区次级地貌单元中,垄顶>背风坡>迎风坡;各地貌部位的沙丘前移压埋类型发展速率高于积沙类型.(3)路风夹角在83°～89°之间的路段沙害演化速率最大,其他小夹角沙害演化规律不明显;路面沙害强度的发展速率与路风夹角的关系不明显.     

Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders (Belgium)

The European Water Framework Directive requires that member states assess all their surface waters based on a number of biological elements, including macroinvertebrates. Since 1989, the Flemish Environment Agency has been using the Belgian Biotic Index for assessing river water quality based on macroinvertebrates. Throughout the years, the Belgian Biotic Index has proven to be a reliable and robust method providing a good indication of general degradation of river water and habitat quality. Since the Belgian Biotic Index does not meet all the requirements of the Water Framework Directive, a new index, the Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) for evaluating rivers and lakes was developed and tested. This index was developed in order to provide a general assessment of ecological deterioration caused by any kind of stressor, such as water pollution and habitat quality degradation. The MMIF is based on macroinvertebrate samples that are taken using the same sampling and identification procedure as the Belgian Biotic Index. The index calculation is a type-specific multimetric system based on five equally weighted metrics, which are taxa richness, number of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera taxa, number of other sensitive taxa, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and the mean tolerance score. The final index value is expressed as an Ecological Quality Ratio ranging from zero for very bad ecological quality to one for very good ecological quality. The MMIF correlates positively with dissolved oxygen and negatively with Kjeldahl nitrogen, total nitrogen, ammonium, nitrite, total phosphorous, orthophosphate and biochemical and chemical oxygen demand. This new index is now being used by the Flemish Environment Agency as a standard method to report about the status of macroinvertebrates in rivers and lakes in Flanders within the context of the European Water Framework Directive.     

网箱养殖海区底泥产芽孢细菌多样性

采用培养与16S rRNA基因序列比对的方法,对海水网箱养殖区底泥中的可培养细菌进行研究。结果表明,网箱正下方的产芽孢细菌比例高达50%,随着离网箱距离的增加,产芽孢细菌的比例明显降低,200m远时,其比例降至17%。从3个采样点分离纯化出91株产芽孢细菌,对其菌落形态、菌体形态的研究和部分菌株16S rRNA基因的DGGE带型和序列分析表明,91株产芽孢细菌中,有85株属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)的10个种,25个发育型;6株属于盐芽孢杆菌属(Halobacillus)的1个种,3个发育型。芽孢杆菌属的B.marisflavi、B.baekryungensis、B.aquaemaris、B.pumilu等4个种为优势类群。此外,接近半数的产芽孢细菌能代谢含硫化合物,部分菌株能够还原硝酸盐或分解无机磷化合物,仅有3株菌具有亚硝酸盐还原作用。     

某试验区吹填软基处理工程监测数据分析

结合真空预压法处理大铲湾港区一期工程闸口吹填软土地基工程中的监测数据,通过理论分析对真空预压法加固软基过程中地表沉降、真空度、孔隙水压力等的变化规律进行深入分析研究,其结论具有重要意义。     

黔东南地区平秋金矿构造控矿规律及成矿预测

锦屏县平秋金矿为湘黔金成矿带上的典型矿床。文章在全面剖析平秋金矿控矿构造特征的基础上,重点分析了剪切带构造(F_1)在本区金成矿上的作用,总结了其联合控矿规律,并在矿区外围圈定找矿靶区4处,在矿区深部优选隐伏矿体定位预测区段4处。     

二郎庙大型堆积体成因机制分析及稳定性预测

以二郎庙大型堆积体为例,从其成生环境地质背景和堆积体特征研究入手,通过动力地质学和斜坡演变（过程）分析法,对这一大型堆积体成因机制进行分析论证,继而形成对其稳定性初步评价,表明二郎庙堆积体整体式滑移破坏的可能性不大,但局部稳定性较差,在集中降雨和人类工程活动等诱发因素的作用下可能发生较大面积的失稳破坏。     

青藏高原羊八井盆地全新世以来气候变化的泥炭记录

位于青藏高原念青唐古拉山南缘羊八井盆地的七弄沟分布着广阔的泥炭地,通过提取七弄沟泥炭的腐殖化度和总有机碳信息,并结合14C测年控制,反演了全新世9.1~3.5 cal.kaBP羊八井盆地的环境变化信息。根据泥炭记录的古环境特征,将该地区9.1~3.5 cal.kaBP的气候分为3个主要阶段:阶段Ι(9.1~7.4 cal.kaBP)温度波动上升阶段,9.1~7.4 cal.kaBP七弄沟温度呈波动上升趋势,期间发生了两次比较明显的降温事件,分别发生在9.1和8.0 cal.kaBP左右;阶段Ⅱ(7.4~4.7 cal.kaBP)温度波动频繁且剧烈阶段,此阶段七弄沟温度波动频繁且剧烈,在6.0和5.8 cal.kaBP发生了两次比较显著的降温事件;阶段Ⅲ(4.7~3.5 cal.kaBP)温度波动下降阶段,4.7 cal.kaBP之后温度呈波动下降的趋势,但是波动的频率和幅度远比第二阶段小,仅在4.0 cal.kaBP发生了比较显著的降温事件。     

Orographic effects on the southwest monsoon: A review

An overview of the problem of orographic effects on the southwest monsoon using the contributions of all the available analytical and numerical models is attempted. A quasi-geostrophic model is applied to deduce the effect of the topographic complex on the Indian peninsula. This model suggests that the southward bending of the low-level isobars on the peninsula can be ascribed to the topographically-induced southward velocity. This southward velocity triggers a Rossby wave to the east of the peninsula which is manifested as a trough on the southern Bay of Bengal.