DNA tracers with information capacity and high detection sensitivity tested in groundwater studies

 In order to investigate the usefulness of unique synthetic DNA tracers in groundwater, a field experiment was conducted in Norway. DNA tracers and a sodium-chloride tracer were injected into an aquifer. The transport of DNA molecules was interpreted by comparing with the plume of chloride ions under forced-gradient steady-state flow conditions. Spatial concentration moments described the migration of conservative tracers. Mobility and migration of DNA in groundwater demonstrate that DNA tracers can be detected by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequence analysis. The results indicate that DNA tracers can be valuable tools as tracers in groundwater investigations. Received, June 1997 / Revised, July 1998, December 1998 / Accepted, January 1999     

井孔综合成果表自动制作系统

简要介绍了井孔综合成果表自动制作系统－ＷＧＳ的总体设计情况,阐述了ＷＧＳ的结构、功能与特色,并给出了该系统在南通市井孔资料卡片管理上的一个应用实例。该系统采用矢量汉字技术,支持ＤＸＦ和ＰＬＴ两种图形文件存贮格式,支持多种类型打印机,并具有自动选择绘图比例、容错能力强,对硬件和软件要求低等优良性能,是一个专业性、实用性较强的绘图软件。     

基于环境DNA宏条形码技术的水体无脊椎动物多样性研究：以广州海珠湖为例

于2021年1月,利用环境DNA宏条形码（eDNA）技术,对广州海珠国家湿地公园海珠湖的水体和沉积物进行无脊椎动物多样性和群落结构调查,并比较了eDNA和传统形态学鉴定对浮游动物的检出能力。结果表明：eDNA检出海珠湖无脊椎动物9门16纲34目71科93属137个可操作分类单元（OTUs）;其中,水采样品中共检出9门50属68个OTUs,网采样品中共检出6门27属35个OTUs,沉积物休眠卵样品中共检出9门70属103个OTUs。水采和网采样品中,主要的无脊椎动物均为轮虫动物门和节肢动物门;沉积物中主要的无脊椎动物为环节动物门和节肢动物门。沉积物休眠卵OTU丰富度最高,水采样品的OTU丰富度高于网采样品。比较浮游动物的形态鉴定和eDNA鉴定,发现后者在属水平上能鉴定出更多的种类;形态学鉴定的桡足类（100%）和多数轮虫（58.82%）可被eDNA注释出,而eDNA注释出的多数桡足类（71.43%）和轮虫（58.82%）在形态学鉴定中未发现;eDNA未注释出枝角类。结果表明,eDNA在无脊椎动物调查中具有较高的应用潜力,与传统形态学鉴定组合应用能更全面地了解无脊椎动物的种类和水生生物多样...     

中国海盘海牛科(腹足纲, 裸鳃目)一新记录属和一新记录种

2021年3月在大连进行潮间带生物调查时采集到2个裸鳃类标本,经鉴定发现为欧氏针盘海牛Diaulula odonoghuei (Steinberg, 1963),为中国新记录属和新记录种。在研究中对其进行了活体拍照,利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对其外部形态和内部解剖特征进行了观察。此外,测定了这两个标本的COI、16S rRNA和H3基因序列,将测得的基因片段与GenBank数据库中的针盘海牛属Diaulula的同源序列进行对比分析,构建了针盘海牛属的系统发育树。欧氏针盘海牛在我国沿海的发现,进一步丰富了中国海软体动物的物种多样性研究。     

Spatio-temporal suspended sediment fingerprinting under different land management practices

Understanding spatio-temporal suspended sediment dynamics is more important in large watersheds due to the decisive role of local source apportionment in sediment transport and yield. The Talar River with a large mountainous watershed in northern Iran, which plays a vital role in water supply for agriculture and drinking, recently has faced quality degradation. The current study explores the relative contribution of suspended sediment sources using geochemical tracers and fingerprinting techniqu...     

Biotic drivers of river and floodplain geomorphology – New molecular methods for assessing present‐day and past biota

Geomorphology has increasingly considered the role of biotic factors as controls upon geomorphic processes across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Where timescales are long (centennial and longer), it has been possible to quantify relationships between geomorphic processes and vegetation using, for example, the pollen record. However, where the biotic agents are fauna, longer term reconstruction of the impacts of biological activity upon geomorphic processes is more challenging. Here, we review the prospect of using environmental DNA as a molecular proxy to decipher the presence and nature of faunal influences on geomorphic processes in both present and ancient deposits. When used appropriately, this method has the potential to improve our understanding of biotic drivers of geomorphic processes, notably fauna, over long timescales and so to reconstruct how such drivers might explain the landscape as we see it today. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大弹涂鱼自然种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析

2002年9月以采自浙江宁海三门湾海区的大弹涂鱼(Boleophthalmus pectinirostris L．)为材料,对大弹涂鱼自然种群的遗传多样性进行随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析,20个引物共扩增出100个DNA片段,多态位点比例(P)为21％,任意两个个体间遗传相似度(F)最大为0．9938,最小为0．9239,平均为0．9645。任意两个个体间的遗传距离(D)最大为0．0761,最小为0．0062,绝大多数为0．02000～0．0500;大弹涂鱼自然种群的平均杂合度(He)为0．2018,D平均值为0．0355;Shannon多样性指数(Ho)和Shannon多样性值(H)分别为5．918和0．0592。研究结果表明大弹涂鱼的遗传多样性水平比较低,应加强大弹涂鱼种质资源的保护。     

First record of the Australian ascidian Eudistoma elongatum in northern New Zealand

A colonial ascidian was first reported by marine farmers in Houhora Harbour, Northland, New Zealand in early 2005 and subsequently found on oyster racks in Parengarenga Harbour and the Bay of Islands. The Northland ascidian was identified with a combination of morphological characters and DNA cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence data, as Eudistoma elongatum, a species native to Australia, where it is found from northern New South Wales to Northern Queensland, and distinguished from Eudistoma circumvallatum, the only reported species in this genus from New Zealand. Ascidian larvae are weak dispersers and long distance dispersal of E. elongatum is likely to be enhanced by vectors such as oyster barges and/or movement of cultured oysters. In its native range, E. elongatum is restricted to areas with a minimum winter sea temperature of 16°C. Assuming similar biological limitations apply in New Zealand, the spread of E. elongatum might be restricted to northern New Zealand (north of latitude 37°S).     

基于水质荧光指纹法的湖泊污染溯源研究——以太湖流域滆湖为例

随着社会经济和城市化进程的快速发展,湖泊水环境污染问题日益突出,加剧了湖泊原有功能的退化和丧失,因此污染治理成为了湖泊功能恢复和可持续发挥的必要条件,但如何实现污染精准溯源又是污染治理的重要前提。为此,本文以太湖流域滆湖为例,采用一种新兴技术——水质荧光指纹法开展湖泊污染溯源。于2021年累计采集滆湖周边70个农业、13个生活、3个企业排口的瞬时出水构建污染源荧光指纹库,连续12个月采集滆湖湖体8个样点水样分析水体荧光组分。通过平行因子分析共解析出4种污染源指纹和滆湖5种水体组分,经荧光相似度(塔克同余系数)分析进一步明确滆湖主要受到种植业面源、生活源和工业源的影响。此外,荧光强度与叶绿素a浓度和藻密度的强相关性表明藻类繁殖活动也会影响滆湖。从不同污染源对滆湖的时空影响特征来看,种植业面源主要在春、夏季影响西部、中部水域,生活源主要在夏、冬季影响西部、北部水域,工业源主要在特定月份(3 4月、10 12月)影响西部水域,藻类繁殖活动主要在夏季影响湖体。通过荧光组分与水质参数的时空相关性分析得到农业源和总磷、总氮,生活源和氨氮、有机物参数(BOD₅、COD_...