Soil-structure interaction using BEM–FEM coupling through ANSYS software package

The main aim of this work is to develop, verify and apply in simulation study an efficient hybrid approach to study seismic response of a soil-structure system taking into account all the important components as: (1) the line time-harmonic source with its specific geophysical properties; (2) the inhomogeneity and heterogeneity of the wave path from the source to the local geological region; (3) the geotechnical properties of the near-field local geological profile and finally (4) the properties of the engineering structure itself. Plane strain state is considered. The hybrid computational tool is based on the boundary element method (BEM¹) for modeling the infinite far-field geological media and finite element method (FEM²) for treating the dynamic behavior of the structure and the near-field finite soil geological region. Each of the two techniques is applied in that part of the whole model where it works more efficiently. The hybrid numerical scheme is realized via the sub-structure approach, direct BEM¹, conventional FEM² and insertion of the BEM¹ model of the seismically active far-field geological media as a macro-finite element (MFE³) in the FEM² commercial program ANSYS. The accuracy and verification study of the proposed method is presented by solution of numerical test examples simulating different seismic scenarios. The obtained results show clearly that the hybrid model is able to demonstrate the sensitivity of the synthetic signals to the source properties, to the heterogeneous character of the wave path, to the relief peculiarities of the local layered geological deposit and to the specific properties of the engineering structure.     

Estimating trends of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation from long-term hydrographic data and model simulations

The ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) plays a central role for the climate in the Atlantic realm. Since scenarios for future climate change indicate a significant reduction of the MOC under global warming, an assessment of variations and trends of the real MOC is important. Using observations at ocean weather ship (OWS) stations and along oceanic sections, we examine the hydrographic information that can be used to determine MOC trends via its signature in water mass properties obtained from model simulations with the climate model ECHAM5/MPI-OM. We show that temperature trends at mid-latitudes provide useful indirect measure of large-scale changes of deep circulation: A mid-depth warming is related to MOC weakening and a cooling to MOC strengthening. Based on our model experiments, we argue that a continuation of measurements at key OWS sites may contribute to a timely detection of a possible future MOC slowdown and to separate the signal from interannual-to-multidecadal MOC variability. The simulations suggest that the subsurface hydrographic information related to MOC has a lower variability than the MOC trend measured directly. Based on our model and the available long-term hydrographic data, we estimate non-significant MOC trends for the last 80 years. For the twenty-first century, however, the model simulations predict a significant MOC decline and accompanied mid-depth warming trend.     

承船厢吊耳的局部应力分析研究

承船厢是升船机系统中的一个重要结构物,该结构物中的关键结构吊耳是否有足够的强度,应力分布是否合理将直接影响升船机系统工作的可靠性。在对吊耳进行光弹性试验基础上,对吊耳的光弹性模型进行有限元分析,通过结果的分析比较,确定承船厢吊耳的局部结构的计算可靠程度     

Buckling and postbuckling of composite ship panels stiffened with preform frames

The U.S. shipbuilding industry recently has started incorporating composite materials in the construction of both military and commercial ships due to the advantages of composite construction. These advantages include the reduction in total life costs, corrosion resistance, high strength- and stiffness-to-weight ratios, and improved stealth for military applications. One disadvantage is the higher costs of composites compared to steel and other conventional materials. Therefore, new higher quality materials with lower costs and new fabrication methods need to be developed before composite materials will be fully accepted for the construction of large ships. A new composite preform framing technology shows promise in the reduction of fabrication costs for large ship construction. There already has been significant cost savings using this framing technology in the construction of small recreational boats and large yachts. This framing technology involves casting a dry glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP) fabric into shape in a closed mold with a foam core. One unresolved issue using this framing technology is the orientation of the fiber for the frames. This paper summarizes experimental results of the testing of composite panels stiffened with preform frames under in-plane uniaxial compressive loads. Biaxial (0,90), quadaxial (0,90,+45,−45), and triaxial (+45,−45,0) laminates were used in the frames.     

船舶碰撞中空夹层钢管混凝土导管架平台损伤分析

针对船舶与中空夹层钢管混凝土（CFDST）导管架平台碰撞问题,利用ABAQUS/Explicit非线性有限元软件建立中空夹层钢管混凝土导管腿导管架数值模型,对船舶碰撞进行数值模拟,对比分析1 m/s、2 m/s和3 m/s的3种碰撞速度下工况下导管架抗碰撞性能、耗能及损伤。从碰撞力、碰撞区域变形以及导管架能量耗散等方面详细研究中空夹层钢管混凝土导管腿作用下导管架整体的损伤模式和动力响应。结果表明：CFDST导管架在船舶碰撞荷载作用下主要由CFDST导管腿耗能,有效控制了结构整体位移变形,提升了整体刚度,有效发挥平台各构件之间组合耗能,结构抗碰撞能力得到明显提升。     

极地吊舱推进船舶回转性能的离散元分析

吊舱推进装置在极地船舶中被广泛应用,其转舵模块可以带动螺旋桨摆动从而产生任意方向的推进力,使船舶操纵更为灵活。提出了一种吊舱推进船舶冰区操纵的离散元方法,对具有吊舱推进装置的冰区船舶破冰过程进行了数值模拟。以“雪龙2”号破冰船为研究对象,计算分析了船舶定速直航时的冰阻力,并通过与Lindqvist经验公式的对比验证了冰阻力计算的合理性。在此基础上进一步对船舶在不同冰厚、不同吊舱转向角下的回转破冰运动进行了离散元模拟,分析了回转半径与船长比值随冰厚的变化规律。计算结果表明：船舶的回转性能随冰厚的增大而降低,并随吊舱转向角的增大而显著提高。     

基于YOLO模型的SAR舰船目标检测方法研究

随着海上交通运输业业务需求的不断增加,传统的目标检测方法已无法满足实际需求。由于卫星遥感技术的快速发展,基于合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）图像舰船目标自动识别具有显著的应用潜力。近年来,深度学习技术在目标检测领域逐渐显现出优势,特别是YOLO (You Only Look Once)模型以其较高的精度和计算效率,为SAR舰船目标的识别提供了一种新的方法。为对比不同的YOLO模型在舰船目标识别领域的性能及其相比于两阶段深度学习算法的优势,本文首先对YOLO系列的结构进行了归纳总结;其次对当前广泛使用的数据集进行了对比分析,并基于SAR图像数据集（SAR Ship Detection Dataset,SSDD）的样本进行重新标注构建出本文的数据集;然后将YOLO系列模型与两阶段目标检测方法——更快速的区域卷积神经网络（Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network,Faster R-CNN）在SAR舰船目标检测的精度和速度两方面进行对比实验;最后在YOLOv5模型的基础上对主干网络（Backbone...     

卫星视频舰船目标检测方法

舰船目标检测是进行海上目标监管,保障海上权益的重要手段.本文在SSD(single shot multibox detector)算法的基础上,利用残差网络(ResNet,residual network)作为骨干网络构建SSD模型,将改进后的SSD算法应用于卫星视频舰船目标检测,该算法采用残差连接替换原本的级联方式,...     

基于港口船舶识别的高分二号卫星遥感影像融合方法比较

在卫星遥感影像识别中,相较于海上单一环境的船舶识别,港口船舶识别由于存在集装箱、码头等大量干扰目标,显得更为困难。采用强度-色度-饱和度(Intensity-Hue-Saturation, IHS)变换、Brovey变换(Brovey Transform, BT)、ESRI全色锐化变换、简单均值变换和施密特正交变换法(Gram-Schmidt, GS)等5种融合算法,进行高分二号卫星全色和多光谱影像的融合试验,通过定性和定量评价选出适用于港口船舶影像的最优方法。结果显示GS融合方法在增加影像空间信息的同时维持了光谱保真性,其均方根误差、峰值信噪比、结构相似性等指标均优于其他4种融合方法,可用于港口船舶识别。     

基于居民购物消费行为的上海城市商业空间结构研究

我国城市商业空间结构研究多局限于基于物质空间的中心地体系研究,本文以改革开放后市场经济转型及消费者因素日益重要的零售环境变化为出发点, 从居民购物消费行为空间入手,考察目前上海市的商业空间结构特征。本研究基于问卷调查及实地观察所获得的第一手资料,通过经验行为主义方法,总结出上海居民购物消费行为的一般特征,发现上海居民购物出行的空间等级结构较为明显并呈现扁平化的趋势,这与商业中心地的空间结构及其变化是相对应的;此外,本文创新性地得出上海市不同收入地区购物消费行为空间的等级结构特征,并发现了其与戴维斯模型类似的空间特征以及不尽相同的形成原因。