论行政区与城市的关系

撤县建设市带来了两个相互关联的大问题：（１）既打乱了行政区与城市的关系;（２）也没有理顺行政区的公共行政和经济业务行政管理权授权的机制,反而带来了许多问题。文章对县城为市这种行政区设置方式的弊端及以县为代表的行政区授权方式作了讨论,并提出了改进办法。     

HABITAT ISLANDS AND THE PRESERVATION OF NEW ZEALAND'S AVIFAUNA*

ABSTRACT. Numerous avifauna species face extinction on New Zealand's two main islands, owing largely to forest clearance and to introduced mammals. In response, New Zealand selects certain offshore islands for the relocation of threatened native birds, first purging them of mammalian predators. Over the past few decades, this procedure has evolved to become fairly successful. Protected habitat “islands” within mainland forested areas are also being created, but with success less certain. As historic habitats are lost, small biopreservation islands may become a standard mechanism for protecting threatened species, a process that can be termed the “miniaturization” of nature.     

京津唐地区地壳结构与强震的发生──Ⅱ．S波速度结构

利用１９８６－１９９３年发生在京津唐地区的２５１６个地震的２１９２７个Ｓ波到时进行层析成像，得出：（１）公元１０００年以来研究区强震震中在下地壳的投影大多分布在低速块体内或低速块体与高速块体相交地带偏低速块体的一侧；（２）唐山地震震源下方的物质，波速比Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ呈现高值，推测呈部分熔融状态，有热物质流从莫霍界面的下方沿通向震源下方的断裂入侵的迹象。（３）黄骅坳陷中心区的上地壳呈现低Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ值，推测那里为水－汽转变的地热系，这与在该地区所测量的高热流值一致。冀中坳陷区的高Ｖｐ／Ｖｓ值反映出其地下物质可能呈部分熔融状态。     

沅水流域找原生金刚石工业矿床的意见

沅水流域分布４个金刚石砂矿床，供给金刚石砂矿的含金刚石岩体具多期多源特点。该流域前白垩系暴露区的含金刚石岩体在第三纪末和第四纪初遭受强烈剥蚀保存较好的含金刚石岩体可能隐伏在沅麻、常桃盆地红层及洞庭湖区第四系之下，这些地区应成为原生金刚石找矿远景区，因此要采用新的找矿手段和方法。     

Rates and patterns of bedrock denudation by coastal salt spray weathering: A seven-year record

Rapid surface lowering of bedrock is taking place in the supratidal zone by salt spray weathering. A seven-year run of data demonstrates a mean rate of lowering of 0·625 mm a^?1. Considerable variation exists in annual point lowering values within measurement sites, although between-site variation is not significant. Aggregate year to year variations in surface lowering are not significant. Spatial variation in individual point values may be compensated by temporal variation over an 11-year period. There is a marked summer maximum in surface lowering rate, and this is strongly correlated with monthly air temperature. Spatially and temporally episodic swelling of the rock surface is demonstrated. This does not correlate statistically with any available climatic variable and is deemed to be a real and largely stochastic phenomenon. It is interpreted as rock bursting at the granular scale due to haloclasty. The processes most likely to be responsible for the observed rapid denudation are crystallization and thermal expansion of halite, both of which are enhanced by high summer temperatures.     

FEATURES OF TECTONIC LANDFORM OF FAULT BLOCKS IN SOUTH CHINA COASTAL AREA

In this paper, the South China coastal area is divided into several fault block areas (first class), sub-areas (second class) and mini-areas (third class) based on their dynamic signs, heridity, uniformity, paricu-larity and the mode of action of tectonic stress. Their tectonic geomorphological features are elaborated and the amplitude as well as the rate of relative motion since the end of the late Pleistocene epoch are estimated from 14C data of the samples which fundamentally repres     

东北中强地震发震时间的模式识别预测模型

本文通过对本世纪来东北浅源中强震前地震活动图象的研究,在计算机上建立了“东北浅源中强地震的模式识别综合预测模型”。结果表明:M≥6.0深源地震对东北浅源中强震的发生有重要影响。地震活动频度增加至一定水平,b值下降至一定水平,地震频度和强度随时间的增强,是重要震兆。地震活动的可公度性在识别中也起到了较强作用。本文采用预选特征的方法和标准,加速了建模过程,提高了模型稳定性和效果。控制实验表明结果是稳定的,可用于中强震监测参考。     

Seasonal variability of the temperature field off the south-west coast of India

The temperature field in the coastal region off south-west India exhibits a wellmarked annual cycle. Around March the isotherms develop an upward tilt near the coast. The magnitude of the tilt increases continuously till August, then decreases and vanishes in November. To check the hypothesis that this feature is in response to the local wind, we have used the resultant wind data to determine the annual march of the wind stress. It is found that though weak during November–March, the monthly-mean longshore component of the wind stress is always conducive to coastal upwelling and follows a pattern similar to that of the isotherm tilt. We interpret this result to indicate that coastal processes in the area during April–October are controlled by the longshore component of the local wind stress in accordance with the classical model for a coastal upwelling system. During November–March, when the wind stress is weak, it appears that the influence of the longshore density gradient, which persists at the surface during this period, dominates over the effect of the wind.     

江苏沿海地区深层地下水开发利用现状及环境地质问题

江苏沿海地区深层地下水在开发利用过程中，由于开采布局不合理和存在“三集中”(开采层次集中、开采地段集中、开采时间集中)以及水文环境地质条件脆弱等因素，出现水位逐年下降，并形成区域性降落漏斗，致使部分地段地下水资源枯竭、水质成化和诱发地面沉降等诸多环境地质问题。本文着重分析沿海地区深层地下水开发利用的6个阶段(初级、城市开采、城市超采、区域超采、区域控制开采和区域压缩开采阶段)、区域降落漏斗的3个发展过程(1986年、1995年和2002年)和因深层水超量开采诱发的水资源枯竭、水质成化和地面沉降等环境地质问题的发育特征及演化趋势，从地下水资源管理和可持续发展的角度，提出深层水的保护规划、浅层咸水、海水资源的开发利用、实行强制节水、污水资源化和发展海洋性产业的对策建议。