Bathymetry,substrate and fishing areas of Southeast Atlantic high-seas seamounts

Most of the Southeast Atlantic Ocean is abyssal, and global bathymetries suggest that only ～3.2% of the areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ; also known as the high seas, as defined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea [UNCLOS]) are shallower than 2 500 m. This study mapped bathymetry and characterised substrates in selected seamount summit areas, including several that have been or may become fishing areas. The southernmost location, the Schmitt-Ott Seamount, has exposed volcanic bedrock with surrounding flats covered by thin biogenic sediments and/or coral rubble that appears ancient. At Wüst, Vema, Valdivia and Ewing seamounts the basaltic base appears to be overlain by coral caps and other coral substrates (sheets, rubble). Adjacent summit plains have biogenic sediments of varying thickness. Vema has a flat, roughly circular summit, <100 m deep, with the shallowest point being a 22-m-deep summit knoll; the upper slopes have ancient coral framework, but the summit has a mixture of coralline and volcanic rock and coarse sediments, including extensive areas with coralline algae and kelp forests. Valdivia Bank is a 230-m-deep, flat, rocky area (～11 × 5 km), protruding steeply from the extensive multi-summit Valdivia subarea of the Walvis Ridge. The distribution of past fisheries in the Convention Area of the South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO) was considered in relation to the new information on bathymetry and substrate.     

Distribution of coastal cliffs in Kerala,India: their mechanisms of failure and related human engineering response

The 560-km-long Kerala coast is characterised by long barriers with narrow beaches and steep cliffs. Distribution of cliffs from nine sections measuring a cumulative length of 63.5 km is evaluated in ArcGIS Software using topomaps and field survey data. The cliff sections in the southern coast comprise both permeable and impermeable rocks, whereas those along northern coast are comprised of either Precambrian crystalline and/or Tertiary formations. Notches, caves and even small arches are developed in Cannanore, Dharmadam and Kadalundi cliffs, where only primary laterites are exposed to wave attack. Stacks composed of laterite and Precambrian crystallines found in nearshore of cliffed coast indicate recession of shoreline. Mass wasting, mudslide and mudflow type of cliff failures are common in permeable to semi-permeable rocks, whereas rotational sliding, rockfall and toppling failure are found in hard rock cliffs. Retreat of cliff sections are induced by natural or anthropogenic activities or both. Rate of recession vary from a few centimetres to one metre/year depending upon the nature of lithology, structures and recession agents acting upon the cliffs. Various methods of cliff protection for e.g. hard structures—revetments, groins, seawalls, breakwater and jetties—and soft measures—artificial reefs/marsh creation, floating breakwaters, beach nourishment, beach scraping and vegetation planting—are suggested.     

基于ASP.NET MVC的海域海岸带整治修复项目信息管理系统的设计和实现

文章在国家大力开展海域海岸带整治修复的背景下,利用Visual Studio 2013开发平台和SQL Server 2014数据库软件,采用ASP.NET MVC架构设计海域海岸带整治修复项目信息管理系统,实现整治修复项目信息的快速录入,并可进行查询、展示和互动等操作。相比传统信息管理系统,本系统大大提高了可维护性、可扩展性、灵活性和封装性,可促进我国海域海岸带整治修复项目信息管理实现现代化。     

全球海潮模型最新进展及在中国沿海精度评估

介绍TPXO、FES、Chinatide、MIKE Global Tide、Utide等典型海潮模型,总结归纳其同化潮汐数据来源和最新的海洋地形数据,利用我国沿岸长期验潮站以外的26个中短期潮位观测站评估TPXO等海潮模型预报精度。结果表明,全球海潮模型对我国沿海M2分潮的预报精度普遍较低,且主导了几种海潮模型在中国海域的整体预报精度;相比MIKE Global Tide和TPXO7.2,TPXO8、TPXO_Yellow Sea 2010和TPXO_China&Ind模型在我国沿海的预报精度更高。     

用沿岸上升流指数分析中国东南沿岸风生上升流的特征

对1968年1月到2007年12月中国东南沿海(17°N～30°N,109°E～123°E)上升流指数月平均数据进行分析,结论如下:(1)风生沿岸上升流主要在4-8月间发生于海南岛东部、雷州半岛东部、汕头以北至浙江沿岸.(2)风生沿岸上升流的强度具有时空分布变化特征,其中海南岛东部沿岸上升流最强,浙江沿岸其次;整个中国...     

基于三维Taylor模型的福建及邻近地区地磁模型研究

基于福建及邻近地区高密度的256个地磁场矢量(D、I、H分量)实测数据,结合全球陆地1 km基准海拔高度工程的网格数据以及最新的第十二代国际地磁参考场模型(IGRF12),采用三维Taylor多项式模型构建了福建地区的地磁场模型.通过比较均方偏差(RMS)、磁场实际分布以及残差等,结果显示:(1) 当三维Taylor模型的截断阶数(N)为2时,可基本反映N为6时的二维Taylor模型的拟合效果;(2) 三维Taylor模型计算方便,精度较高,但较易出现龙格现象,因此在确定截断阶数时既要考虑模拟精度,还需要考虑边界效应问题.     

青岛崂山海岸带野生木本药用植物资源

介绍了青岛崂山沿海地区野生木本药用植物的种类、分布状况、用途及开花结果日期,为中药科研和应用提供科学依据.     

三维城市地表反射率计算模式

地表反射率是控制地表能量平衡的一个重要参数。城市建筑物的分布具有较大的不均一性,这不仅给地基观测城市地表反射率带来了很大困难,数值模拟城市地表反射率也是非常困难的。作者开发了一个三维城市地表反射率模式city_photo,该方法结合了蒙特卡洛方法和几何光学方法的优点,具有较高的精度和较快的计算速度。通过引入城市地图的概念,该模式能够计算具有不同结构的城市的地表反射率。2002至2004年晴空MODIS（MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,中分辨率成像光谱辐射计）1~7通道可见光和近红外通道地表反射率资料被用来检验模式的有效性,位于北京朝阳区的中国科学院大气物理研究所的AERONET站点观测得到气溶胶光学特性和水汽资料,6S（Second Simulation of Satellite Signal in the Solar Spectrum）大气辐射传输模式被用来对其进行大气订正。模式计算的北京城市地表反射率个例与MODIS 7个通道地表反射率观测结果具有很高的相关性,相关系数在0.80~0.93之间,说明模式能够较好地模拟城市地表反射率随太阳和观测角度的变化情况。最后讨论了城市结构对城市地表反射率的影响。     

惠民县城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作探析

为统筹城乡发展,促进土地节约集约利用,惠民县在城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作方面进行了探索和实践,有效缓解了建设用地供求矛盾,改善了农民生活居住环境,促进了农业发展、农民增收,取得初步成效。但同时也存在农村社区建设规划缺乏、增减挂钩建设资金不足、拆迁补偿安置难度大、基层认识不到位等问题。该文围绕促进城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作,在建立农村社区规划、拓宽多元化融资渠道、完善安置补偿机制、加大宣传力度等方面进行了论述,并提出了建议。     

流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐输移研究综述

综述了流域-河口-近海系统氮、磷营养盐的主要来源、营养盐输移的影响因素等方面的研究,介绍了当前营养盐输移研究的主要方法,并概括了氮、磷营养盐在流域-河口-近海系统的整体性研究。在此基础上,提出了该领域研究存在的主要问题及未来展望,强调了将流域、河口与近海系统作为一个整体,并充分发挥分布式模型的优势开展营养盐输移研究的重要性。