南秦岭构造带内早古生代碱基性岩浆活动：古特提斯洋裂解的证据

位于南秦岭构造带南缘的勉略(勉县—略阳)洋是东古特提斯洋的北侧分支洋盆,在勉县—略阳地区发育有典型的蛇绿岩组合。然而,由于中三叠世晚期开始的碰撞造山作用以及之后陆内变形作用的改造,对于勉略洋盆在构造带东段的裂解和演化过程并不清晰。本文对发育于东南秦岭构造带内的基性岩墙群进行了岩石学、岩石地球化学、同位素年代学等方面的研究。结果表明,基性岩脉以辉长岩、辉绿岩等基性岩为主,其SiO 2含量为41.89%~49.75%,属基性—超基性岩类,并具有富钠、高钛的碱性岩特征。岩石的稀土、微量元素和Sr—Nd同位素特征与板内洋岛玄武岩(OIB)特征一致,岩浆源于具有地壳混染的板内洋岛玄武岩型地幔源区。该类基性岩脉顺层侵入到早古生代早期地层中,通过基性岩脉中的锆石SHRIMP测年获得岩脉顺层侵位的时代为晚志留世早期(约422 Ma)。这种岩浆作用很可能与古特提斯洋初始裂解有关,并导致南秦岭构造带内地壳伸展、基性岩浆侵位,该过程与南秦岭构造带北缘的商丹(商南—丹凤)原特提斯洋的消减和陆内俯冲可能相关。     

海洋中磷的循环与沉积作用

磷在海洋中的循环与沉积主要是靠生物作用进行的。海洋表层水中的溶解磷几乎全部被海洋植物摄取，海洋植物及动物死亡后最终以生物碎屑的形式沉入海底，在其沉降和到达深层水的过程中大部分被分解、破坏，变成可溶组分又重新返回海水，使深层水中磷浓度提高。含磷浓度高的深层水被上升洋流带到表层后又被生物吸收，重复循环。当上升洋流抵达大陆边缘，特别是遇有陆缘坻存在时，磷等营养物质滞留，导致磷质生物大量繁衍，死亡后沉积，并经成岩作用，便形成大规模的工业磷块岩矿床     

四川盆地东北部长兴期沉积特征与沉积格局

四川盆地东北部长兴组（大隆组）为海洋环境的产物,根据沉积特点,可以分为碳酸盐台地沉积体系和盆地沉积体系。碳酸盐台地沉积体系又可进一步分为局限台地、开阔台地、台地边缘礁滩及缓坡等沉积相。在详细研究分析各沉积体系的沉积特点的基础上,探讨了该期沉积相带的空间分布,提出了不存在“开江一梁平”海槽的认识。笔者等认为在“开江梁平海槽”区域内,长兴组只是水体相对台地较深环境（台棚环境）的产物,为碳酸盐缓坡,不宜称为海槽。指出台地边缘浅滩及生物礁是储层最有利相带,礁白云岩及颗粒白云岩等是储层的有利微相。研究区的生物礁为碳酸盐台地边缘缓坡点礁群,沿着台地边缘断续分布。     

西太平洋赤道海域的热量平衡

本文利用1986年11月中国科学院实验3号考察船在西太平洋赤道海域(0°～5°N,130°～150°E)考察所获得的29天辐射资料和同期取得的温、压、湿、风和探空等资料,计算了这一海域11月份的热量平衡各量值和整层气柱的加热量。结果表明:该海域是一个强热源区,其上空大气也是一个强热源区。     

REGIONAL DIFFERENCES OF TEMPORAL-SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-SEA INTERACTIONS IN TROPICAL OCEANS

The singular value decomposition (SVD) of air-sea interaction in the tropical western,central,and eastern Pacific,and the tropical Atlantic and Indian Oceans has been conducted by using theNCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis 1000 hPa monthly wind field and COADS monthly sea surfacetemperature (SST).Comparisons of the results suggest that these areas can be divided into threetypes from the viewpoint of air-sea interaction:tropical central-eastern Pacific belongs to monistictype,in which ENSO is the sole important process;tropical western Pacific and Indian Oceansbelong to dualistic type,in which in addition to ENSO.there should be an another importantprocess;tropical Atlantic Ocean belongs to pluralistic type,in which the process is complicatedand the ENSO cycle is not evident.     

Response of single benthic metrics and multi-metric methods to anthropogenic pressure gradients, in five distinct European coastal and transitional ecosystems

In recent times many benthic indices have been proposed to assess the ecological quality of marine waters worldwide. In this study we compared single metrics and multi-metric methods to assess coastal and transitional benthic status along human pressure gradients in five distinct environments across Europe: Varna bay and lake (Bulgaria), Lesina lagoon (Italy), Mondego estuary (Portugal), Basque coast (Spain) and Oslofjord (Norway). Hence, 13 single metrics (abundance, number of taxa, and several diversity and sensitivity indices) and eight of the most common indices used within the European Water Framework Directive (WFD) for benthic assessment were selected: index of size spectra (ISS), Benthic assessment tool (BAT), Norwegian quality index (NQI), Multivariate AMBI (M-AMBI), Benthic quality index (BQI), (Benthic ecosystem quality index (BEQI), Benthic index based on taxonomic sufficiency (BITS), and infaunal quality index (IQI). Within each system, sampling sites were ordered in an increasing pressure gradient according to a preliminary classification based on professional judgement. The different indices are largely consistent in their response to pressure gradient, except in some particular cases (i.e. BITS, in all cases, or ISS when a low number of individuals is present). Inconsistencies between indicator responses were most pronounced in transitional waters (i.e. IQI, BEQI), highlighting the difficulties of the generic application of indicators to all marine, estuarine and lagoonal environments. However, some of the single (i.e. ecological groups approach, diversity, richness) and multi-metric methods (i.e. BAT, M-AMBI, NQI) were able to detect such gradients both in transitional and coastal environments, being these multi-metric methods more consistent in the detection than single indices. This study highlights the importance of survey design and good reference conditions for some indicators. The agreement observed between different methodologies and their ability to detect quality trends across distinct environments constitutes a promising result for the implementation of the WFD’s monitoring plans. Moreover, these results have management implications, regarding the dangers of misclassification, uncertainty in the assessment, use of conflicting indices, and testing and validation of indices.     

Modelling of Ocean Shallow Convection under Fast Ice in the Arctic

Ocean convection in the Antarctic has been studied many times and has been revealed to be responsible for ice-cover reduction. In the Arctic, proof of that phenomenon has not been documented. It is believed that this phenomenon happens on a smaller scale in the Arctic when local circulation of deep warmer water melts and slows ice production. An example of this is the North Water (NOW) polynya in northern Baffin Bay. A polynya is an area of open water in an otherwise ice-covered area. As ice forms under the fast ice near the boundary of the polynya, ocean salts (brine) are ejected from the newly formed ice. This water, which has an increased concentration of salt, sinks and is replaced by warmer water from below, and this slows ice formation. In our study a coupled one-dimensional thermodynamic snow–fast ice model incorporating ocean heat flux input via a shallow convection model was used. Ice thickness was calculated using a thermodynamic model that included a current-induced entrainment model and a convection model to account for brine rejection during ice growth. Atmospheric observations from Grise Fiord and Thule and ocean profiles around the NOW polynya near these sites were used as input to the model. This purely thermodynamic study enables us to obtain ice thickness values that can be compared with qualitative observations. This modelling study compares two sites related to the NOW polynya. The results indicate that the shallow convection model simulates the reduction of fast ice near Thule but not near Grise Fiord.     

大连“11．28”翻船事故风浪分析

利用自动气象站资料、常规气象观测资料、NCEP全球再分析资料及WAVEWATCH III模式预报资等料对2012年11月28日大连翻船事故的大风大浪实况、事故成因及演变情况进行分析。结果表明：大连此次翻船事故高空的强冷空气促使冷涡加强,西部大陆高压和蒙古气旋不断加强东移,东南部海上高压稳定少动,蒙古气旋底前部与海上高压顶后部梯度加大,梯度密集区正好位于渤海海峡,造成黄海和渤海偏西大风;低层辐散和中层辐合的垂直结构加强了低层以下的上下扰动,构成南北垂直环流,中层以下动力强迫下沉气流将北侧中层的动量下传至辽东半岛南部地面及黄海、渤海海面,使其不断获得动能,有利于偏西大风的加强;西南向岸大风有利于浪高增长,偏西大风及与其同时增长的大浪是大连地区此次翻船事故的主要原因。     

温度,盐度和风应力对南海海流模拟的影响

用美国普林斯顿大学海洋模式（ＰＯＭ）对南中国海的年平均海流进行了数值模拟,对温盐结构和风应力在海流形成中的作用进行了较详细的讨论。结果表明,仅有温盐水平不均匀分布也可以驱动海水而生成南海海流,但此种海流的结构较乱,最大流速只有３０～４０ｃｍ·ｓ－１。若温盐无水平结构,则在风应力驱动下,南海海流的结构较为有序,且最大流速可增至６０～７０ｃｍ·ｓ－１。在温盐水平分布不均匀并有风应力的作用时,生成的南海海流与仅有风应力作用时的海流场较相似,说明在南海海流的形成中,风应力的作用更为重要。海面自由高度的分析也证明了上述结论。     

PDO源地与机制的若干争论

综述了PDO机制的研究进展,尤其是近年来关于PDO是热带和南半球起源的观点,强调PDO是一种太平洋海盆尺度的现象.讨论了SST异常的维持机制、大气在PDO机制中的作用及不同相位中大气的变化特征.最后提出自己的看法只考虑北太平洋PDO信号是没有构成回路的,实际上北太平洋的PDO冷、暖期的交替可能是对南太平洋闭合回路的一种反应.