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151.
以胶州湾北部滨海湿地为研究区域,运用RS和GIS技术提取湿地信息,研究时空变化特征,建立湿地定量评价系统,并对湿地质量进行分析。研究表明,自1997年到2007年,该地湿地类型变化较大,沿岸湿地退化现象严重,人为活动影响增大,非湿地面积大量增加,湿地质量不断下降。 相似文献
152.
This paper presents a new, novel, particle-based Bluff Morphology Model (BMM), and with it investigates the stability, collapse, and equilibrium position of soft coastal bluffs (cliffs). This model combines a multiple wedge displacement method with an adapted Weakly Compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (WCSPH) method. At first, the wedge method is applied to compute the stability of the bluff. Once the critical failure mechanism of the bluff slope has been identified, and if the factor of safety for the mechanism is less than 1, the adapted WCSPH method is used to predict the failure movement and residual shape of the slope. The model is validated against benchmark test cases of bluff stability for purely frictional, purely cohesive, and mixed strength bluff materials including 2D static water tables. The model predictions give a good correlation with the expected values, with medium resolution models producing errors of typically less than 2.0%. In addition, the prediction of lateral movement of a surveyed cliff and the dynamic collapse of a vertical bluff are computed, and compare well with published literature. 相似文献
153.
Mark D. Green 《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2012,32(2):335-349
Tourism accounts for 15% of Greece’s gross domestic product. In the wake of a struggling economy many of Greece’s coastal villages have turned to tourism to supplement local economies. Preliminary analysis of structural and cultural materials recovered from an excavation on Mitrou, a small islet near the coastal village Tragana located 140 km north of Athens has established the site’s contribution to a fuller understanding of settlement practices in Central Greece from the end of the Bronze Age through the Early Iron Age. The site’s historic importance combined with its scenic coastal setting has considerable potential to be developed into an important tourist site. The physical geography of the region is the product of the complex interaction of coastal, alluvial, fluvial, and seismic processes. This investigation integrates the archaeological material with a geographical analysis employing a variety of geographical techniques (soil and sediment analysis, past climatic data, environmental surveys, and geospatial modeling) to reconstruct the geomorphological history of the site and to evaluate the area as a potential tourist site. 相似文献
154.
An assessment of the likely benefits of assimilating in situ temperature (T) and salinity (S) observations from repeat glider transects and surface velocity observations from high-frequency radar arrays into an eddy-resolving ocean model is presented. The deployment of new shelf observation platforms around Australia is being undertaken through the Australian Integrated Marine Observing System program. In this study, various options for an observing system along the coast of New South Wales, Australia, are assessed for their benefits to an ocean forecast and reanalysis system. The forecast system considered here uses ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) for data assimilation. Using error estimates from the EnOI scheme, estimates of the theoretical analysis errors are calculated for different observing systems that include a range of remotely sensed and in situ observations. The results demonstrate that if HF radar observations are assimilated along with the standard components of the global ocean observing system, the analysis errors are likely to reduce by as much as 80% for velocity and 60% for T, S and sea-level in the vicinity of the observations. Owing to the relatively short along-shore decorrelation length-scales for T and S near the shelf, the glider observations are likely to provide the forecast system with a more modest gain. 相似文献
155.
N. Subba Rao K. V. Srinivasa Rao P. Surya Rao Ch. Venkat Rao K. Arjunudu P. Madhusudhana Reddy A. Subrahmanyam 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):651-656
Groundwater samples were collected from a coastal region of Andhra Pradesh to assess the possible conditions of the formation
of carbonates. The area experiences a semi-arid climate and is underlain by khondalites, over which the Quaternary sediments
occur. The study of the geochemistry of groundwater indicates that groundwater is mostly of fresh, with alkaline nature. The
study further suggest that the breakdown of feldspars as kaolinite during rock-water interaction, releases Ca2+. Soils/weathered products contribute high CO2 under the open system. The Ca2+ and CO2 are added to the groundwater through the infiltrating recharge water. They subsequently precipitate as fine-grained carbonates
in the weathering profile due to evapotranspiration under a freshwater environment. 相似文献
156.
The northern Wanganui Basin, New Zealand, is one of the key global sites for understanding marine cyclic sedimentation during the Quaternary. This paper presents the first evidence of marine cyclic sedimentation from its central-southern parts. Sedimentological, micropalaeontological and palynological analyses on a 280-m-deep borehole encountered units dating back to MIS 10. The sequence includes four marine cycles spanning MIS 9–5, which are overlain by terrestrial fluvial aggradation surfaces dating from MIS 4–2. Each marine unit represents a progressively shallowing depositional environment from the mid-shelf to coastal plain. This is overlain by a terrestrial sequence of lowstand fluvial terraces. Localized fault movements appear to have influenced the sedimentary character of the sequence during MIS 7a and 5e producing basement highs which provided protection to the shoreline. The cyclothems described in this paper now extend the already extensive, previously described record from MIS 17–10 to produce a combined eustatic record of Quaternary sea level change within the basin to MIS 5. They also provide an excellent example of the sedimentary response of a coastal basin to a progressive loss of sedimentation accommodation space. 相似文献
157.
《China Geology》2019,2(3):325-332
Based on the 39 surface sediment samples collected in the flood season and the dry season in 2012 respectively and the measured hydrological data in October 2012, the sediment grain size characteristics has been analyzed and the response mechanism of surface sediments to estuarine hydrodynamics was revealed by calculating the range of waves and tidal currents. The results show that: (1) The grain size of the surface sediment samples decreased gradually from land to sea in the flood season. The fine sediment was redistributed under marine hydrodynamics in the dry season and the sediments showed coarser tendency ingeneral; (2) tidal current stirring sediment was very obvious in Dagu River estuary area, and wave stirring sediments mainly occurred in the tidal flat area and estuary sand bar area; (3) in the flood season, surface sediment sat the estuary were transported towards south and southeast. In the dry season, surface sediments were transported towards southwest at the north area of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge, and sediments were transported towards northeast area at the south of Jiaozhou Bay Bridge. 相似文献
158.
滨海含水层地层损害是指淡水驱替咸水过程中,释放后的黏土胶体发生絮凝沉降,导致地层孔隙被堵塞,引起含水介质的渗透性降低的现象。该文通过絮凝沉降实验和定流速砂柱实验,分析不同离子强度和阳离子价态(一价、二价)对胶体絮凝沉降的影响,结果表明:NaCl作为电解质时,絮凝发生的离子强度范围在0.032~0.034 mol/L之间,絮凝时间从82 min减少至39 min;而电解质为CaCl 2,离子强度为0.006 mol/L时,胶体的絮凝时间仅需6 min;钙钠比越高,黏粒絮凝发生的越快。砂柱实验结果显示,含水介质渗透性会随着电解质溶液的离子强度增加和阳离子价态的升高快速降低。当电解质为NaCl,离子强度分别为0.054 mol/L和0.017 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%所需时间分别为15 min和50 min;当电解质为CaCl2,离子强度为0.011 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%仅需5 min。因为高离子强度和高价阳离子可以加速胶体絮凝,多孔介质的孔吼更容易发生堵塞,研究成果对降低滨海含水层的地层损害有一定的实际应用价值。 相似文献
159.
Ingrid van Putten Cecilia Villanueva Christopher Cvitanovic 《The Australian geographer》2017,48(1):121-142
ABSTRACTCoastal communities are part of the Australian identity but little is known about their characteristics and their long-term prosperity prospects. Increased migration to coastal areas and increased exposure to extreme climatic events indicates a need for social and economic data to inform socio-ecological systems planning. Here, we undertake a geo-spatial analysis to develop a typology of Australian coastal communities and assess relative vulnerability to climate-driven environmental change for a range of social and economic indicators. The aim of this study is to understand how the vulnerability of Australian coastal communities varies with geographic location or community size, and in comparison to other community types. Results show that both the population size and location of a coastal community matter and that coastal communities overall are more vulnerable on some socio-economic dimensions to climate-driven environmental change than their rural equivalents. However, results also demonstrate that the smallest coastal communities are strong in some important aspects of the human, social and financial domains, putting them in a good position to deal with some changes. Scale-appropriate and context-specific social policies are needed to address identified socio-economic vulnerabilities, supported by a range of formal and informal institutional structures, such as strategies to improve education and female workforce participation, and encourage participation in volunteering to increase human and social capital. 相似文献
160.