Predicting the capability-polar-plots for dynamic positioning systems for offshore platforms using artificial neural networks

As the capability of polar plots becomes better understood, improved dynamic positioning (DP) systems are possible as the control algorithms greatly depend on the accuracy of the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic models. The measurements and estimation of the environmental disturbances have an important role in the optimal design and selection of a DP system for offshore platforms. The main objective of this work is to present a new method of predicting the Capability-Polar-Plots for offshore platforms using the combination of the artificial neural networks (NNs) and the capability polar plots program (CPPP). The estimated results from a case study for a scientific drilling vessel are presented. A trained artificial NN is designed in this work and is able to predict the maximum wind speed at which the DP thrusters are able to maintain the offshore platform in a station-keeping mode in the field site. This prediction for the maximum wind speed will be a helpful tool for DP operators in managing station-keeping for offshore platforms in an emergency situation where the automation of the DP systems is disabled. It is obvious from the obtained results that the developed technique has potential for the estimation of the capability-polar-plots for offshore platforms. This tool would be suitable for DP operators to predict the maximum wind speed and direction in a very short period of time.     

基于CASS的非等间隔内插点断面图绘制方法研究

断面图是线路工程设计中不可缺少的基础资料,绘制断面图是线路工程中的主要工作,然而现行CASS绘制的地形断面图是采用断面方向上相同间隔的高程点绘制的,因此,不能详细地表现地形起伏变化。针对这一问题,本文提出一种距离加权内插高程点非等间隔距离绘制断面图的方法,通过该方法可生成不等间隔断面,提高了测点的利用率,更加准确地反映了断面的实况,为设计人员提供了坡度设计、土石方计算等更加准确的数据。     

惠州25-8 DPP组块动力定位浮托安装研究

从动力定位船舶浮托安装研究出发,归纳了动力定位船舶浮托安装的优势,并以"海洋石油278"驳船进行组块浮托安装为例,提出了南中国海大型组块采用动力定位船舶浮托安装的气候窗及动力定位能力分析方法,给出了惠州25-8 DPP组块动力定位浮托安装的关键设计结果。本研究对环境恶劣海况下的大型组块浮托安装具有一定借鉴意义。     

Interpretation,reliability and accuracies of parameters deduced by the spaced antenna method in middle atmosphere applications

The spaced antenna method has proved to be an important and relatively inexpensive radar technique for making measurements of atmospheric wind velocities and other parameters. This discussion examines the reliability and accuracies of various parameters which can be measured with the technique.After a brief introduction, a series of comparisons of winds measured by the spaced antenna method and simultaneously by other techniques are presented. It is concluded that when using weak partial reflections in the height range 0–100km, the spaced antenna technique provides reliable estimates of the neutral air motion. Following this the assumptions made in applying the method are considered in more detail. The possibility of systematic errors and the likelihood of erroneous measurements are examined, and the accuracy of any particular measurement of wind speed is discussed. Previous objections to the technique are discussed, and in general shown to be invalid.Other parameters apart from wind speeds can be measured with the spaced antenna technique, such as pattern scale, the rate of natural fading, and angles of arrival. The meanings of these parameters are discussed in terms of physical quantities such as turbulent energy dissipation rates, small-scale gravity wave velocity fluctuations, and aspect sensitivities of scatterers, and it is indicated when and how these derived parameters can be applied to deduce meaningful physical quantities. The need for great caution in making these interpretations is discussed; for example it is not always possible to use the rate of natural fading to estimate the intensity of turbulence, although in some cases this is possible. Finally, interferometric applications of spaced antenna systems are discussed.     

玻璃钢渔船船体骨架结构形式的研究

通过对玻璃钢渔船的五种船体骨架结构形式的弯曲试验,测得其力学性能。并且运用加权因素法对试验结果进行优化。研究结果表明按断面形状,梯形优于矩形;按断面结构,木质芯材优于泡沫芯材,泡沫芯材优于空心结构。     

河西走廊连通器效应探讨

分析讨论了河西走廊连通器的虹吸、连通以及狭管三个效应,并分别给出了其表达式。结果表明,河西走廊连通器的虹吸效应主要是传输各种物质和能量,连通器效应是产生垂直运动、激发重力波和产生翘翘板现象,而狭管效应主要是增强风速。文中还提出了在天气气候诊断分析中的应用问题。     

小净距隧道中夹岩对拉锚杆控制机制与工程应用

小净距隧道中夹岩受到两侧开挖的剧烈扰动,处于单向或双向受力的不利状态,严重影响施工安全,而预应力全长注浆对拉锚杆常用于中夹岩的主动支护。为阐明对拉锚杆的作用模式和控制机制,建立相应的力学模型和解析方法,开展实测验证,并进行参数分析和工程应用。研究表明：对拉锚杆为中夹岩提供强力水平约束,并提高岩体力学性能,发挥挤压加固作用;对拉锚杆利用剪切摩阻改善浅层围岩受力状态,同时锚固深部岩体,具有承载传力效果;对拉锚杆轴力和剪应力均由两侧向中间非线性衰减,作用范围局限于浅层中夹岩,实测结果验证了理论方法的合理性;进行了对拉锚杆的参数分析,提出了对拉锚杆临界长度、合理锚杆直径等工程建议;结合京张高铁长城站小净距隧道实践,主动增强对拉锚杆设计参数,变更后围岩压力、拱顶沉降和水平收敛的实测均值分别降低12.2%、14.1%和10.2%,保障了隧道开挖的安全。     

An experimental study of the wave excitation in the gap between two closely spaced bodies,with implications for LNG offloading

The side-by-side offloading of liquid natural gas (LNG) at offshore terminals involves a fixed and a floating body in close proximity; the offshore terminal being the fixed body and the LNG tanker the floating body. The closeness of the two bodies leads to the formation of a long and relatively narrow gap, within which there is the potential for large amplifications of the water surface elevation. The present paper uses experimental results to characterise both the size and nature of the excitation within the gap. It also illustrates the effect of the vessel motion on this amplification by considering a 1:100 scaled model of an LNG tanker as well as its fixed approximation. It is found that the body's ability to move acts to increase the frequency at which resonant amplification within the gap occurs (the resonance frequency). The incident wave conditions considered include regular and irregular waves in both beam- and head-sea orientations; the latter leading to very different gap end conditions. The nature of the resonant amplification for the floating LNG tanker is shown to be similar for the two orientations, suggesting that the gap end conditions do not drive the resonant amplification. Consideration of the nonlinearity within the gap illustrates that resonant amplification occurs at the resonance frequency, irrespective of whether the fluid motion is first or second harmonic. The present paper provides data relevant to the safe offloading operations of an LNG tanker and demonstrates the importance of incorporating the vessel motion in numerical modelling procedures.     

64层螺旋CT血管造影在头颈部血管病变中的临床应用

目的:探讨64层CTA在头颈部血管中的诊断价值.方法:收集头颈部血管CTA 200例,采用最大密度投影MIP、容积再现VRT、多平面重组MPR及Inspace软件中的减影技术进行三维重建,多角度观察,其中92例有豫、DSA及手术资料,采用双盲法,比较各种影像效果,总结出64层CTA的优缺点.结果:64层CTA用药少、辐射剂量小、扫描及成像速度快,图像清晰、立体感强并可任意方向旋转观察.VRT和MIP是最常用的方法,Inspace软件的减影技术能显示头颈部血管的全貌.结论:64层CTA可作为头颈部血管病变的常规筛选方法,可以普及使用.