棉花各生育期高光谱数据与叶片生物物理生物化学量的相关分析

利用高光谱非成像光谱 (辐射 )仪对北疆棉花 4个生育期 (蕾期、花期、铃期、吐絮期 )的叶片及冠层进行了5°FOV室内、野外 ,2 5°FOV野外高光谱遥感测定 ,试验表明北疆棉花具有绿色植物所特有的反射光谱曲线特征。本文分析了棉花在不同生育期特征光谱变化规律以及棉花叶面积指数 (LAI)与叶绿素 (CH .D)含量、叶片全氮 (TN)含量在整个生育期的变化规律和它们之间的关系 ,应用光谱一阶微分分析技术 ,清晰地描述棉花“红边”变化趋势的特征。通过监测作物生育期内的光谱变化 ,研究作物的反射光谱与叶面积指数 (LAI)、叶绿素密度 (CH .D)等农学参数之间的关系 ,使人们能够定性描述和定量分析作物的生长与遥感光谱数据之间的关系 ,促进高光谱分辨率遥感技术在作物的生长监测和产量估测中的应用。     

Experimental calibration of lake-sediment spectral reflectance to chlorophyll a concentrations: methodology and paleolimnological validation

Chlorophyll a preserved in lake sediments reflects, in part, past primary production. This study assesses the spectral properties of sedimentary chlorophyll a using visible-near infrared reflectance (VNIR) spectroscopy, with the objective of establishing a new, non-destructive paleolimnological proxy. Reflectance spectra were determined from a dilution series (n = 10) involving incremental additions of pulverized modern algae to a lake sediment matrix of low organic content. This enabled an assessment of the development of sediment reflectance spectra in relation to different sediment chlorophyll a concentrations, and subsequent regression of spectral features against measured concentrations of chlorophyll a and derivatives obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The experiment demonstrates that ubiquitous troughs in sediment reflectance near 675 nm are attributable to chlorophyll a and derivative compounds. A significant correlation (r ² = 0.98, P < 0.01) was obtained between the area of the reflectance trough in the 650–700 nm interval and summed concentrations of chlorophyll a, all derivative isomers, and degradational pheopigments. A simple linear inference model derived from this experiment was applied to a down-core sequence of VNIR spectra from a productive prairie lake (Alberta, Canada), where it produced inferred sediment chlorophyll a concentrations in concordance with HPLC measurements. Although a larger training set is desirable to further refine the inference model, the analyses reported here demonstrate that reflectance spectroscopy provides a rapid, semi-quantitative method for assessing the chlorophyll a content of lake sediments.     

乡村聚落地理研究的国外动态与国内趋势

本文根据国内外乡村聚落地理研究的内容变化和理论进展，初步划分了乡村聚落地理研究的主要发展阶段。在此基础上，结合国外乡村聚落地理研究的动态及我国乡村地区发展的现实，对我国乡村聚落地理研究进行了回顾与评价，并提出若干重点研究内容与趋势。     

重庆中坝遗址地层Na-Ca元素含量揭示的制盐业兴衰史

Based on dynastic period division and AMS ^14 C dating performed on the sedimentary layers at Zhongba and Yuxi sites,and also the analysis of Na,Ca and Mg of 201 sedimentary samples from Zhongba site and that of Ca and Na in 47 sedimentary samples from Yuxi by using an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry（ICP）,we found that there were 35 time periods when the contents of Ca and Na were reversely correlated,i.e.whenever the content of Ca was the highest,the content of Na was the lowest,and vice versa. Among them,there were 21 time periods when the content of Ca was the highest,and Na was the lowest,indicating that there were about 21 prosperous periods of ancient salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.Other 14 time periods with the peak values of Na while the low values of Ca indicate 14 declined periods of salt production at Zhongba site since 3000BC.The conclusion obtained from the reverse relationship between Ca and Na contents in this paper is consistent with that＂the salt production at Zhongba site started in the new stone age,developed in the Xia and Shang dynasties,reached at the heyday in periods from the Western Zhou to the Han Dynasties,maintained stable to develop in the Tang and the Song dynasties,and gradually declined after the Song Dynasty because the sea salt were conveyed into Sichuan region,however,still had production in the 1970s-1980s＂,educed from archeological exploration.All the above mentioned results indicate that there is a reverse relationship obviously between the contents of Na and Ca in sediments at Zhongba site for ancient salt production,which can be used to reveal the process of rise and decline of ancient salt industry at Zhongba site.     

滇池外海水体叶绿素a与水质因子关系研究

使用近5年滇池外海的水体理化指标监测数据,分析了滇池外海水体叶绿素a的时空分布特征,并使用多元逐步回归分析叶绿素a与水质因子的关系。研究结果表明,滇池外海水体叶绿素a浓度为0．003～0．475mg／L,长年平均浓度为0．063mg／L,每年2月最低,8月最高,夏季最高,冬季最低。近5年各测点年平均值2004年平均浓度最高,2005年最低。滇池外海叶绿素a的空间分布呈现出北高南低,中部呈现西高东低的态势。各水质因子在不同的位置对叶绿素a浓度的影响显著程度不一样,但叶绿素a浓度总体与透明度呈现负相关,与pH值呈显著的正相关,与水温呈现正相关。通过多元逐步回归分析,滇池外海水体叶绿素浓度回归方程在不同位置有1～4个因子入选,外海叶绿素a平均浓度的回归方程为：Chla=-0．336＋0．002·WT＋0．028·TN＋0．034·pH。     

珠江三角洲环境梯度上葫芦藓中硫、氮含量 和δ13C、δ15N的差异及其环境指示

以华南地区广泛分布的葫芦藓为研究对象,以珠江三角洲环境梯度上的中心城区广州、近郊区肇庆及边缘区怀集3个地理单元作为样品采集地,对样本葫芦藓植物中的硫、氮元素含量和δ13C、δ15N的组成进行了研究。结果表明：葫芦藓植物中硫含量与工业化程度表现出正相关关系,其中硫含量广州、肇庆和怀集依次为2 485.86、1 778.15、1 339.84 mg/kg;葫芦藓氮含量与工业化程度表现出正相关关系,广州、肇庆和怀集依次为 2 106.50mg/kg、2 007.39mg/kg和1 661.88 mg/kg;葫芦藓的C/N值与交通量呈负相关关系,其中C/N值广州为18.377,肇庆18.513,怀集23.905,3地C/N值大小差异揭示了从广州到怀集的环境梯度上,大气氮的主要组份发生了变化,即广州大气中的氮元素来源以工业排放的NOx-N（硝态氮）为主,怀集大气中的氮元素来源以农业排放的NHx-N（铵态氮）为主。     

From stay to play – A travel planning tool based on crowdsourcing user-generated contents

Conventional ways of trip planning using online reviews from multiple sources are often cumbersome and uncustomizable. The advance in information and communication technology (ICT) and the surge in user-generated contents (UGC) provide great opportunities to facilitate trip planning. This paper proposes a travel-planning tool by crowdsourcing multiple UGCs to provide customized information for tourists. We harvested hotel customer reviews from TripAdvisor, photo information from Flickr, and travel costs between destinations from Uber. First, we used geospatial data mining approaches to extract tourism attractions information from Flickr; identified multi-facet characteristics of hotels with natural language processing (NLP); and provided travel route recommendations with graph analysis. Second, we developed a web-based interface to let users communicate with the system interactively, which provides integrated recommendations including attractions, hotels, and visit route sequences. Two cities in the United States (i.e. Atlanta and Chicago) were used as cases to illustrate our approaches. The proposed travel planning tool is not only beneficial to support customized travel decision-making, but also supportive for hotel managers with strategic management implications.     

用流式细胞仪研究秋茄叶肉细胞大小和叶绿素含量与海水盐度的关系

采用离析的方法,应用流式细胞仪研究福建九龙江河口北岸不同地段秋茄(Kandelia candel)成熟叶片的叶肉细胞大小和叶绿素含量与海水盐度之间的关系。结果表明：叶肉细胞的大小和细胞内叶绿素含量与海水盐度的关系都呈倒“Z”字形,单位体积叶肉组织叶绿素含量与海水盐度的关系呈“N”字形。其中海水盐度为10时,秋茄单位体积叶肉组织叶绿素含量最高,细胞表面积、光合面积最大;海水盐度8～10时,随着盐度升高,单位体积叶肉组织叶绿素含量、细胞表面积向有利于提高光合强度方向发展;海水盐度在10～23时,随着盐度的升高,单位体积叶肉组织叶绿素含量、细胞表面积逐渐减小,朝提高抗盐性方向发展。从形态学的角度为阐明红树植物耐盐机理提供了资料。     

两种方法计算黏土矿物相对含量结果的比较

应用Biscaye或Cook计算方法,均可得到样品中黏土矿物的相对含量,但前者主要用于细颗粒沉积物定向片衍射图谱的解析,而后者适用于各种粉晶衍射结果的处理。对长江口及东海陆架区表层沉积物样品中<2 μm粒级组分进行了X射线衍射分析,分别采用上述两种方法计算了样品中4种主要黏土矿物(蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石)的相对含量,并比较了两种计算结果的差别。结果显示,Cook算法在<2 μm定向片与粉晶中的计算值差别较小。在东海陆架区<2 μm沉积物定向片样品中,两种计算方法所得结果在蒙皂石、伊利石相对含量等参数上具有显著相关性;尝试选择其中相关关系以及线性拟合程度较好的数据,建立了两种黏土矿物相对含量计算结果间的转换关系式。     

卫星遥感估测土壤水分的一种方法

对于植被影响土壤水分遥感的大小 ,提出了“光学植被盖度”新概念来衡量 ,并用遥感法进行估测。用分解象元法排除植被干扰来提取土壤水分光谱信息。采用土壤水分光谱法并借助回归分析建立土壤水分遥感的TM数据模型。以此为桥梁 ,建立了AVHRR数据模型