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REEdistributioninwater-sedimentinterfacesystematdeepoceanfloor¥ZhangLijie;LiuJihuaandYaoDe(ReceivedFebruary1,1994;acceptedMay... 相似文献
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To promote the rational development and use of clean coal resources in China, data on the regional and age distribution of sulfur, arsenic and other harmful elements in Chinese coal was broadly collected, tested for content, and analyzed. Coal in northwestern China is characterized by low to extremely low levels of sulfur; the coal of the Taiyuan Formation in northern China mainly has high-sulfur content; that of the Shanxi Formation is mainly characterized by low sulfur coal; and the Late Permian coal in southern China has overall higher sulfur content; other regions have low sulfur coal. The average content of harmful trace elements in the bulk of China's coal is similar to the corresponding content in the coal of the North America and the rest of the world, whereas the content of various elements (Hg, Sb and Se) is different in magnitude to the corresponding percentage in the crust. The average content of the elements Cr, Se, Co, Be, U, Br in Late Permian coal in S China ranks first in the country whereas the average content of Hg and CI in the coals of Late Carboniferous to Early Permian age in N China are the highest. The average content of Mn in Early and Middle Jurassic coal is higher in NW China. The high content of harmful elements in some coal should cause particular concern both in the development and utilization of coal. 相似文献
57.
Multifractal Analysis of Element Distribution in Skarn-type Deposits in the Shizishan Orefield, Tongling Area, Anhui Province, China 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Wang Qingfei Deng Jun Wan Li Zhao Jie Gong Qingjie Yang Liqiang Zhou Lei Zhang Zhijun 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(4):896-905
A series of element concentrations sampled from four drill cores with a length about 1000 m into different skarn-type deposits were selected from the Shizishan orefield, central Tongling, southeastern part of Anhui Province. Using the multifractal method, the distribution and migration characteristics of the major and trace elements are analyzed. The multifractal spectrum of the major elements is left-skewed, whereas the spectrum of the trace elements is right-skewed, which shows that in the process of skarn formation, the trace elements were enriched only locally, and major elements transported within a much larger range. The correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters Aa (width of the multifractal spectrum) of the four drill cores are relatively low, but the correlation coefficients of the multifractal parameters R (spectrum symmetry parameter) and Af are relatively higher, indicating that although the non-homogeneous intensity of the distribution of elements is inconsistent, their spatial accumulation patterns are almost the same during the ore-forming process. The statistics of the mnltifractal parameters of various elements in the different locations show that the ore-forming processes and element migration pattern in the Shizishan orefield are consistent, and that the migrations of trace elements and major elements exhibit some differences. 相似文献
58.
内蒙古敖包吐萤石矿床地质和地球化学特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
笔者总结了敖包吐萤石矿床的地质特征,并通过萤石的稀土元素的地球化学和Nd同位素研究,探讨了该矿床的成矿作用和成矿物质来源。敖包吐萤石矿床产出于下二叠统大石寨组火山—沉积岩与燕山中期花岗岩的接触带,为单一萤石矿床。萤石矿石的稀土元素的含量(∑REE)变化范围为(8.04~30.04)×10-6,平均为19.42×10-6;轻重稀土LREE/HREE值0.24~0.65,平均0.52;LaN/YbN为0.07~0.62,平均0.26;δEu为0.42~0.90,平均0.60,具Eu负异常和明显重稀土富集的特征。岩矿石的Nd同位素研究表明,萤石矿石的εNd(t)都表现为很大的负值,以成矿主期年龄138Ma计算的εNd(138Ma)为-7.30~-30.55,具有古陆壳的演化特征,暗示其成矿的物质来源主要是壳源物质。在Moller的Tb/La-Tb/Ca成因判别图解中,敖包吐矿床的萤石的结晶作用表现为重新活化的趋势,反映流体具有混源的特征,既有热液成因,又有沉积成因。二叠世的海相火山活动通过海底喷气和喷流的作用形成了初始矿源层,而燕山中期花岗岩浆的侵位与结晶分异,又对初始矿源层的活化和富集提供了流体和热能的来源。成矿流体在经历了长期的演化后在大石寨组的构造薄弱破碎的的部位沉淀析出,形成敖包吐萤石矿床。 相似文献
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We simulate direct current (DC) borehole resistivity measurements acquired in steel-cased deviated wells for the assessment
of rock formation properties. The assumed data acquisition configuration considers one current (emitter) and three voltage
(collector) electrodes that are utilized to measure the second difference of the electric potential along the well trajectory.
We assume a homogeneous, 1.27-cm-thick steel casing with resistivity equal to 10 − 5 Ω· m. Simulations are performed with two different numerical methodologies. The first one is based on transferring two-dimensional
(2D) axisymmetric optimal grids to a three-dimensional (3D) simulation software. The second one automatically produces optimal
3D grids yielded by a 3D self-adaptive goal-oriented algorithm. Both methodologies utilize high-order finite elements (FE)
that are specially well-suited for problems with high-contrast coefficients and rapid spatial variations of the electric field,
as it occurs in simulations that involve steel-cased wells. The method based on transferring 2D-optimal grids is efficient
in terms of CPU time (few seconds per logging position). Unfortunately, it may produce inaccurate 3D simulations in deviated
wells, even though the error remains below 1% for the axisymmetric (vertical) well. The method based on optimal 3D grids,
although less efficient in terms of CPU time (few hours per logging position), produces more accurate results that are validated
by a built-in a posteriori error estimator. This paper provides the first existing simulations of through-casing resistivity
measurements in deviated wells. Simulated resistivity measurements indicate that, for a 30° deviated well, measurements in
conductive layers 0.01 Ω· m) are similar to those obtained in vertical wells. However, in resistive layers (10,000 Ω· m),
we observe 100% larger readings in the 30° deviated well. This difference becomes 3,000% for the case of a 60° deviated well.
For this highly-deviated well, readings corresponding to the conductive formation layer are about 30% smaller in magnitude
than those in a vertical well. Shoulder effects significantly vary in deviated wells. 相似文献
60.
Analyses of 72 samples from Upper Panjhara basin in the northern part of Deccan Plateau, India, indicate that geochemical
incongruity of groundwater is largely a function of mineral composition of the basaltic lithology. Higher proportion of alkaline
earth elements to total cations and HCO3>Cl + SO4 reflect weathering of primary silicates as chief source of ions. Inputs of Cl, SO4, and NO3 are related to rainfall and localized anthropogenic factors. Groundwater from recharge area representing Ca + Mg–HCO3 type progressively evolves to Ca + Na–HCO3 and Na–Ca–HCO3 class along flow direction replicates the role of cation exchange and precipitation processes. While the post-monsoon chemistry
is controlled by silicate mineral dissolution + cation exchange reactions, pre-monsoon variability is attributable chiefly
to precipitation reactions + anthropogenic factors. Positive correlations between Mg vs HCO3 and Ca + Mg vs HCO3 supports selective dissolution of olivine and pyroxene as dominant process in post-monsoon followed by dissolution of plagioclase
feldspar and secondary carbonates. The pre-monsoon data however, points toward the dissolution of plagioclase and precipitation
of CaCO3 supported by improved correlation coefficients between Na + Ca vs HCO3 and negative correlation of Ca vs HCO3, respectively. It is proposed that the eccentricity in the composition of groundwater from the Panjhara basin is a function
of selective dissolution of olivine > pyroxene followed by plagioclase feldspar.
The data suggest siallitization (L < R and R
k) as dominant mechanism of chemical weathering of basalts, stimulating monosiallitic (kaolinite) and bisiallitic (montmorillonite)
products. The chemical denudation rates for Panjhara basin worked out separately for the ground and surface water component
range from 6.98 to 36.65 tons/km2/yr, respectively. The values of the CO2 consumption rates range between 0.18 × 106 mol//km2/yr (groundwater) and 0.9 × 106 mol/km2/yr (surface water), which indicates that the groundwater forms a considerable fraction of CO2 consumption, an inference, that is, not taken into contemplation in most of the studies. 相似文献