MARINE HAZARDS IN COASTAL AREAS AND HUMAN ACTION AGAINST THEM-A CASE STUDY OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARIES AND QIANTANG RIVER

INTRODUCTIONMarinehedsresultinginenomouslossestousuallyPOpulousandeconondcallyde-veloPedlowandcoastalandestUdrineregi0nsareforngseriousattenti0n.msarticlediscussesP0ssiblepreventivemeasaresagainstInariflehazaIdsbasedonacasestUdyoftheestUedesoftheChanaiiangffiverandQiantanffiver-ThesetwoareasoftheChanaiiangDeltaareboicalofc0astalregionsfreqUenilysufferingfromdrinehazanls,andarethemostsociallyandeconondcallydeveloPedregionsinChina.Theirinhabitantshaveahist0-ryofmorethanathouSandyeare0…     

Marine hazards in coastal areas and human action against them—A case study of the Changjiang River estuaries and Qiantang River

China's eastern coastal area marine hazards (storm surge, erosion and deposition by tidal currents and seawater intrusion) and the history, present situation, experiences and problems of inhabitants in their fight against marine hazards are discussed in this paper, which also suggests counter-measures against, and scientific and rational management of, coastal area marine hazards in order to protect the coastal and estuarine ecosystems.     

夏季长江口南北支溶解有机质的比较

本文以2021年5月长江口南北支采集的表层水为研究对象,通过测定氢、氧同位素,溶解有机碳(DOC)浓度,有色溶解有机质(CDOM)的吸收光谱和荧光光谱参数,探讨了夏季长江口北支、南支(北港、北槽、南槽)水体溶解有机质的组成、分布及其影响因素。沿长江下游到河口近海,南、北支DOC浓度分别为1.68±0.16 mg/L和1.46±0.31mg/L,CDOM的吸光系数a350分别为2.37±0.61 m^-1和1.59±0.24 m^-1。南支整体具有“高类腐殖质、低类蛋白”的特征,北支则具有“低类腐殖质、低类蛋白”的特征,这可能与南北支的径流量差异有关。在南北支不同分汊河道(北支、南支北港、南支北槽和南支南槽)中,南槽和北支有类似的海水入侵特征,但南槽具有较强的类蛋白组分输入,而南支北港和北槽样品间无显著差异,均表现为河流有机质为主的特征。对比2011年长江南北支DOC和CDOM数据显示,作为长江主河道的南支在2021年无明显变化,而北支有显著的变化。这些结果综合表明长江口DOM的变化格局可能受水动力条件(径流量)、人类活动因素共同作用的影响。比较全...     

长三角城市群重心移动及其驱动因素研究

长三角城市群在整个中国的区域发展战略中具有十分重要的地位,为深入把握这一地区发展的空间变化态势、更好地指导长三角地区的发展实际,在测算和分析1994～2004年间长三角城市群重心位置及其变化趋势的基础上,深入探讨了近些年长三角城市群重心移动的驱动因素。结果显示,1994年以来,长三角地区的城市群重心向西北方向移动了超过20 km,重心所在位置由苏州和嘉兴的交界处移至苏州市中心附近。而从其变化的趋势来看,未来的城市群重心仍将偏向西北方向,落到苏州和无锡的交界地带。这种态势的出现主要是由于长三角内部各城市受到其自然和区位条件、经济发展以及社会环境等诸多因素的影响,使得其发展呈现出一定的差异性,进而驱动了各城市不同程度的发展及其在整个长三角地区地位的转变,并最终致使城市群重心向自然区位条件优越、经济社会发展较快的西北方向移动。     

长江三角洲城市群发展展望

长江三角洲城市群是中国最大的城市群,其发展和演变对中国城市发展、中国沿海经济乃至亚太地区的发展均具有举足轻重的地位和作用。改革开放以来,中国经济的迅速增长,经济全球化过程的加速,均为长江三角洲城市群的发展提供难得的机遇与挑战。重点论述长江三角洲城市群发展展望。     

Distribution and possible sources of organochlorine residues in sediments of a large urban estuary,Port Jackson,Sydney

Sydney Harbour is surrounded by a large capital city of about four million people and its highly urbanised (86%) catchment supports a substantial industrial base and an extensive transport infrastructure. Large commercial and naval ports occupy the waterway and the harbour is an important recreational area. Surficial sediment in Sydney Harbour contains high concentrations of PCBs, HCB, total chlordane, total DDT, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor‐epoxide, but low concentrations of lindane. PCBs, total chlordane, and to a lesser extent dieldrin, are most elevated in sediment in creeks on the southern shores of the harbour suggesting sources within older, highly urbanised/industrialised catchments of western‐central Sydney. There are high concentrations of total DDT and HCB in sediments of the upper harbour and Homebush Bay suggesting that chemical industries on the shores of the estuary in this area are sources of these contaminants. Although no sediment quality guidelines apply in Australia, empirically derived biological effects criteria suggest that sediment over extensive areas of Sydney Harbour may have an adverse impact on biota. Especially of concern are sediments containing high concentrations of chlordane and DDT.     

长江三峡地区经济开发条件分析

长江三峡地区区域地理位置重要，区位优势明显，开发意义重大；区内农业、水能、矿产和旅游等优势自然资源丰富，组合配置良好，开发潜力巨大；区域经济开发的交通、能源、出入通道等基础条件已基本具备。     

长江上游(宜宾—宜昌)干流两岸山地城镇滑坡灾害及防治

本文概要介绍长江上游宜宾—宜昌干流两岸山地城镇座落的自然环境,重点论述山地城镇滑坡灾害,最后提出了区域防灾战略的新途迳。     

A STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIPS OF THE NUTRIENTS NEAR THE CHANGJIANG RIVER ESTUARY WITH THE FLOW OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER WATER

Investigations from August, 1985 to July , 1986 showed that the high concentration area of PO4-P , SiO3-Si and NO3-N gradually reduced with the reduction of the area of the Changjiang River diluted water from summer, autumn to winter , and that the seasonal distributions and variations of the nutrients concentrations were mainly controlled by the river flow and were also related to the growth and decline of phytoplankton . The conservation of SiO3-Si and NO3-N in the estuary in the flood season was poorer than that in the dry season .. The behaviour of PO4-P in the estuary shows that aside from -biological removal, buffering of PCU-P is possible in the estuary . The highest monthly average concentrations and annual average concentrations in the river mouth were respectively 0.88 and 0.57 umol/L for PO4-P,191.5 and 96.2 umol/L for SiO3-Si, and 81.6 and 58.6 umol/L for NOs-N . The Changjiang's annual transports of PO4-P , SiO3-Si and NO3-N to the sea were about 1.4×104tons , 204.4×104 tons and 63.6×104     

Fractionation of phosphorus in the sediments of a tropical estuary

Fractionation of phosphorus in the sediments of the Cochin estuary situated along the southwest coast of India was studied by applying sequential chemical extraction. The different forms of phosphorus were estimated seasonally (premonsoon, monsoon, and postmonsoon) under eight different schemes. The major forms of phosphorus analyzed were exchangeable P, anion exchangeable P, carbonate-bound P, labile and resistant organic P, Fe and Al P, calcium-bound P, and hydrolyzable surplus P. Quantitatively, the above fractions in isolation or in combination vary in content due to chemoestuarine variability and seasonal fluctuations. Changes in speciation have been noted in association with salinity variations in the waterway, especially following enhanced river runoff during the monsoon. The chemical forms of the sediment-bound phosphorus in the northern parts of this estuary have been shown to be modified by nonpoint sources. Sediment P fractionation defines the role of chemical speciation of phosphates (as nutrients) and is indicative of the processes controlling the pathways of P into the coastal waters. The changes in the exchangeable P, together with marked regional variations in calcium-bound P, exemplify the complex estuarine variability of phosphorus. Enhanced amounts of exchangeable P mark its appearence in high saline waters, signifying the presence of biologically available nutrient phosphorus. The calcium-bound P and hydrolyzable surplus P show significant relation with sediment organic carbon and Fe whereas other forms do not exhibit any marked covariation. The Ca and Na NTA extraction scheme is very specific in its selectivity.