Using genetic techniques to investigate the sources of the invasive alga Caulerpa taxifolia in three new locations in Australia

The invasive green alga Caulerpa taxifolia has gained a high profile due to 'outbreaks' in the Mediterranean and California. During the year 2000 three new discrete locations colonised by abundant C. taxifolia were discovered in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA was used to explore the source(s) of these new records, which is an important prerequisite for subsequent environmental management responses. Our results indicate that the NSW C. taxifolia originated from several sources and, hence, through different invasion events. For two of the new records (Port Hacking, Careel Bay) it can be excluded that they are derived from the so-called "aquarium strain" of C. taxifolia, closely related to the invasive Mediterranean populations. Port Hacking is likely to have originated from tropical native populations. However, samples from Lake Conjola cannot be sufficiently distinguished with the applied technique from native C. taxifolia in Moreton Bay and the Mediterranean/"aquarium strain".     

不同附着基质对长茎葡萄蕨藻生长及附着效果的影响

【目的】探索不同附着基质对长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpalentillifera)直立枝生长及藻体附着效果的影响。【方法】对长茎葡萄蕨藻直立枝以垂直砂埋、水平砂埋、塑料网网夹、尼龙网网夹及无附着基质(对照组)五种附着方式进行实验,探究长茎葡萄蕨藻直立枝的生长、附着能力、光合特性参数及营养含量的变化。【结果】垂直砂埋处理下,藻体的新生直立枝质量、质量长度比及球状小枝的直径与其他各组相比最优(P <0.05),分别是0.313 3 g、0.086 6 g/mm和1.67 mm,是对照组的7.38、9.62、1.67倍;水平砂埋与对照组相比,藻体附着能力有显著增强(P <0.05),假根数为26,长度为30.77 mm及假根附着砂砾质量为0.566 0 g;除对照组外,各组最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)和实际光化学效率Y(II)值呈先下降后上升趋势,24 h后垂直沙埋藻体Fv/Fm和Y(II)最快恢复原始水平,为0.856μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.851μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1),显著高于其余组(P <0.05);垂直砂埋与水平砂埋处理后的藻体,其可溶性糖含量分别比对照组显著降低34.24%和33.93%(P<0.05),而网夹处理后,没有显著差异(P> 0.05)。垂直砂埋处理对藻体总蛋白含量增加有显著促进作用,是对照组的1.26倍(P <0.05)。【结论】长茎葡萄蕨藻直立枝以垂直砂埋附着方式生长最佳,以水平砂埋附着方式附着更牢固。     

不同光强下长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)直立枝和匍匐枝的光生理特征及其对升温的响应

海洋绿藻长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera,又名海葡萄)因具有较高经济和生态价值而备受关注,光照和温度变化均会改变长茎葡萄蕨藻生理代谢,最终影响其经济价值和生态功能。文章比较研究不同生长光强下(40、80、120和160μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1)长茎葡萄蕨藻不同部位,即直立枝和匍匐枝的生理和生化特征,以及其对升温(+3℃、+6℃和+9℃)的响应。结果显示,光强由40升至120μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1时对长茎葡萄蕨藻相对生长率(RGR)的影响不显著,但是光强升至160μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1时可使RGR降低49%。弱光下(40μmol·photons·m^–2·s^–1)直立枝的叶绿素(Chl a)和类胡萝卜素(Car)含量为匍匐枝的1.52和1.49倍;直立枝的Chla和Car含量随生长光强升高而降低,匍匐枝随光强升高而升高,二者蛋白含量则均随光强...