一株虹鳟源枯草芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

为筛选对虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)有潜在益生效果的菌株,本研究从健康虹鳟幼鱼肠道中分离到1株潜在益生菌株RT-BS07,采用形态学观察和分子特征分析对该菌株进行了鉴定,并评价了该菌株的抑菌性、耐受性、黏附性和安全性。形态学观察显示,菌株RT-BS07为革兰氏阳性杆菌,有圆形或椭圆形芽孢。16S rRNA比对结果显示,该菌株与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)NCBI3610株的同源性为99.86%。结合16S rRNA基因序列分析和形态学观察结果,确定菌株RT-BS07为枯草芽孢杆菌。菌株RT-BS07具备产蛋白酶和纤维素酶能力,其酶活力分别为(0.039±0.002)和(0.393±0.002)U/mg;该菌株可有效抑制温和气单胞菌(Aeromonas sobria)、杀鲑气单胞菌(A.salmonicida)和鲁氏耶尔森氏菌(Yersinia ruckeri)等致病菌。菌株RT-BS07在pH为2~10 LB液体培养基中均可存活;在盐度为2%~8%条件下存活率为5.70%~93.28%,其存活率随盐度升高而降低。体外黏附试验结果表明,菌株RT-BS07可大量黏附在虹鳟前肠黏膜,不破坏肠道组织完整性,对左氟沙星、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和链霉素等18种抗菌药物敏感。本研究分离筛选得到的枯草芽孢杆菌RT-BS07株具有产消化酶性能,其抗逆性能强,对虹鳟无毒害作用,可作为虹鳟健康养殖及益生菌制剂研发源益生菌候选株。     

蜈蚣藻、蜈蚣藻节夹变型和拟厚膜藻卡拉胶的研究

于１９８８－１９９０年对采自青岛的蜈蚣藻，河北的蜈蚣藻节夹变型和浙江的拟原膜所含多糖的产率，物理性质，化学组化和结构进行分析研究。实验结果表明，拟厚膜藻多糖无凝固性；蜈蚣藻多糖凝固性很低；蜈蚣藻节夹变型多糖有些凝固性，是三者中凝固性最好的。     

红藻多糖的化学

分析了鸡毛菜、易曲凹顶藻热带变种、三叉仙菜、海萝和多管藻(1979—1989分别采自广东山东和海南省)未碱处理与碱处理的多糖产率、凝胶强度、粘度、凝固点、融点、硫酸酯和3,6-内醚-半乳糖含量,同时用红外光谱和~(13)C-核磁共振波谱测定了它们的组成和结构。结果表明它们都具有琼胶的基本结构,鸡毛菜是制造琼胶的很好原料,易曲凹顶藻热带变种也可用于制造琼胶,三叉仙菜是制造低凝固点琼胶的原料。此外还发现海萝和多管藻也有一些凝固性。     

Calorific content of New Zealand marine macrophytes

Calorific content was measured in 28 species of New Zealand macroalgae. Values ranged from 1.04 to 3.34 kcal g‐1 dry weight (wt), 3.03–5.18 kcal g‐1 ash‐free dry wt, and 0.13–1.75 kcal g‐1 wet wt. Seasonal variation in calorific content was measured in two of these species, Macrocystis pyrifera and Ulva lactuca, both of which showed clear changes in energy content over a 1‐year period. Factors affecting variation in calorific content between species and during the year are discussed, and the application of the current findings to ecological and aquacultural research on New Zealand seaweeds are considered.     

上海3km数值预报系统数据传输与产品制作

在异地、异构的复杂网络结构中,采用防火墙的地址转换技术和传输过滤技术,实现了上海3km数值预报系统的数据安全传输。在数值预报产品制作中,运用VB语言制作"三定预报"图形,运用GrADS绘图软件制作形势预报图形,并将"三定预报"产品与采用GIS技术制作的上海地图相结合,实现了网站(网页)的调用形式。     

利用SD型闪电频数识别高原雷雨云和冰雹云

分析了青海省西宁市和互助县两地的闪电频数资料，结果表明，在青海省人工防雹区山多，地形复杂的情况下，使用SD型闪电计数器可以识别饱点周围40km的雷雨云和冰雹云，当雷暴由山区向平地移动时，5min闪电频数不小于40次，可作为作用的指标，而雷暴从平面向山区移动时，作业指标不小于30次／(5min)，雷暴云闪电频数的升度大于10次（5min)也可以作为识别雷雨云和冰雹云的指标，但时效较短，利用ＳＤ型闪电频数识别高原雷雨云和冰雹云是一种简便，经济实用的手段，有助于没有雷达等观测设备的偏僻山区防雹作业。     

碳酸盐矿物结合有机质--一种重要的成烃物质

碳酸盐矿物结合有机质在碳酸盐岩地层中普遍存在,其含量与沥青Ａ相当或高于沥青Ａ。矿物结合有机质可作为碳酸盐岩生油岩的一种重要生烃物质。它的特殊赋存形式能将有机质保存到较高的演化阶段释放出来,当模拟实验温度为４５０￣５００℃时,矿物结合有机质大量释放,可释放出７０％左右。在高压条件下,释放率相对较高,说明在深埋条件下,更有利于矿物结合有机质的释放。由于矿物结合有机质的贡献,碳酸盐岩生油岩的生油范围会扩     

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩生烃能力研究

产率比是有机质在某一成熟度下的气态烃类产物的产率与其最终气态烃产率的百分比,对相同类型有机质的不同阶段的产率比进行分析可建立该类型有机质的产率比与成熟度的关系.元素平衡法是指有机质及其生成物、残留物间存在的一种物质平衡关系.应用产率比法和元素平衡法对鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界奥陶系碳酸盐岩的生烃能力进行了讨论,指出下古生界奥陶系泥质碳酸盐岩具有一定的生烃能力,其气态烃最终产率可达420～430 m3/T*有机碳,相当于Ⅱ型干酪根的生烃能力;纯碳酸盐岩的生烃能力相对较低,气态烃产率只有120 m3/T*有机碳.     

On the radiogenic heat production of igneous rocks

Radiogenic heat production is a physical parameter crucial to properly estimating lithospheric temperatures and properly understanding processes related to the thermal evolution of the Earth. Yet heat production is, in general, poorly constrained by direct observation because the key radiogenic elements exist in trace amounts making them difficulty image geophysically. In this study, we advance our knowledge of heat production throughout the lithosphere by analyzing chemical analyses of 108,103 igneous rocks provided by a number of geochemical databases. We produce global estimates of the average and natural range for igneous rocks using common chemical classification systems. Heat production increases as a function of increasing felsic and alkali content with similar values for analogous plutonic and volcanic rocks. The logarithm of median heat production is negatively correlated(r~2=0.98)to compositionally-based estimates of seismic velocities between 6.0 and 7.4 km s~(-1), consistent with the vast majority of igneous rock compositions. Compositional variations for continent-wide models are also well-described by a log-linear correlation between heat production and seismic velocity. However, there are differences between the log-linear models for North America and Australia, that are consistent with interpretations from previous studies that suggest above average heat production across much of Australia. Similar log-linear models also perform well within individual geological provinces with~1000 samples. This correlation raises the prospect that this empirical method can be used to estimate average heat production and natural variance both laterally and vertically throughout the lithosphere. This correlative relationship occurs despite a direct causal relationship between these two parameters but probably arises from the process of differentiation through melting and crystallization.     

Seaweed cultivation: Traditional way and its reformation

INTRODUCTIONSeaweedcultivationisthemosteffectivewayforobtaininglargeamountofseaweedproducts.Thoughseaweedcultivationhasahistoryofonlyafewdecades,itsdevelopmentisfast (Fei,1 996) .Thetotalproductionofcultivatedseaweedatpresentisabout 62 50× 1 0 3tonsfreshweight,ofwhichLaminariaaccountsfor 3 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,Undaria 2 2 0 0x 1 0 3tons,Porphyra 750× 1 0 3tons,Gracilariasp .1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,EucheumaandKappaphycus 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons,otherkindofseaweeds 1 0 0× 1 0 3tons.Theestimatedtotal…