Seasonal variation and structure of a decapod (Crustacea) assemblage living in a Caulerpa prolifera meadow in Cádiz Bay (SW Spain)

The decapod taxocoenosis living in shallow muddy bottoms with the green algae Caulerpa prolifera was studied monthly between February 1994 and January 1996 in the Inner Bay of Cádiz (SW Spain). More than 32,000 specimens belonging to 35 species were collected. Six species were dominant (representing the 85.8% of the total number of specimens), but the structure of the taxocoenosis was regulated by the Hippolyte species, Sicyonia carinata, Palaemon adspersus and Liocarcinus arcuatus. There was no significant qualitative difference between years. There was no clear change in the dominance of groups of species during the year, as happened in the outer Bay. This is probably due to the sheltered character of the area and the more stable and dense vegetal cover, but some seasonal differences were found.The benthic characteristics of the Inner Bay of Cádiz, such as shallow soft bottoms of fine and muddy sediments and the presence of macrophytes (seagrasses and seaweeds) might be key factors influencing the composition and structure of the general and seasonal decapod assemblage. In spite of human impacts on the bay (e.g. aquaculture activities, sewage), the values of the diversity, equitability and richness indexes appeared stable over time (higher than those found in outer adjacent areas) and no significant differences between years were found.     

“海孤1号”卤虫与杂交实验

报导我国一株罕见雄体出现率特别高的孤雌生殖卤虫“海孤1号”(OP1)。其罕见雄体出现率高于以往报导的10～20倍。利用这株卤虫的罕见雄体与两性生殖卤虫(A.sinica)的雌体进行杂交实验获得成功。     

The putative impacts of the non‐native seaweed Sargassum muticum on native communities in tidepools of Southern California and investigation into the feasibility of local eradication

The ecological impacts of introduced seaweeds have been relatively understudied. Current research suggests that seaweed invasions often result in alterations of native marine communities and disruptions of normal ecosystem functioning, but the effects on native communities can vary among invasive seaweed species, among habitats and over small and large spatial scales. In this study, the impacts of Sargassum muticum, a non‐native brown alga introduced into southern California, USA, several decades ago, were examined by comparing community structure in rocky inter‐tidal pools with and without the seaweed. Sargassum muticum appeared to have little impact on the native community despite measures revealing changes in the abiotic conditions of pools, with S. muticum presence reducing light penetration and ameliorating pool temperature changes during low tides. In other regions and habitat types, S. muticum presence often, but not consistently, resulted in declines in macrophyte diversity and/or abundance and increases in faunal assemblages. The lack of effects of S. muticum in this study, combined with variable impacts by S. muticum and other invasive seaweeds worldwide, suggests that predicting the effects of introduced seaweeds is problematic and warrants further research. Regardless of the effects on native communities, there is often a desire to eradicate or control the spread of non‐native seaweeds. In this study, localized S. muticum eradication attempts, including manipulations of a native canopy and herbivorous urchins, proved unsuccessful as full recovery occurred in ~9 months. While eradication efforts conducted worldwide have resulted in mixed success, there is a trend that early detection and rapid response can increase success, highlighting a need for systematic monitoring and establishment of regional rapid response plans.     

北京市生产铁矿山环境问题及其治理方法

铁矿是主要矿产之一,也是北京市允许开采矿种,矿山生产过程中,部分矿山重效益,轻治理,造成矿山环境质量较差,本文重点分析了在生产铁矿山的主要环境问题及工程治理方法,为铁矿山环境质量的评价及环境治理提供参考。     

几种海藻功能寡糖的结构、制备、活性与应用研究进展

海洋来源的功能寡糖具有多种生物活性,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤和免疫调节等,因此在医药、农业、化工及环境等领域有着广泛的应用.然而,不同聚合度、不同结构的寡糖所具有的活性差异很大,因此有必要深入研究和探讨不同种类的海洋功能寡糖的结构与功能的关系及其应用潜力.本文对几种研究较多的海藻功能寡糖的来源、制备、纯化及应用进...     

珲春矿区构造特征的初步探讨

从收集整理勘查及矿井资料入手,阐述了构造分布特征,总结了影响矿井生产的地质构造发育的一般规律,指出了在矿井生产过程中如何判断断层的存在和断层特征,对矿井生产、提高经济效益有一定的指导意义。     

河西走廊西端地下水资源

利用 1995年度《河西走廊西端水文地质工作空白区 1∶50万区域水文地质调查》成果 ,结合毗邻空白区的以往资料及红外遥感图片解释成果资料 ,采用大气降水入渗法和水均衡法 ,对河西走廊西端地下水资源进行了概算。概算出河西走廊西端地下水资源总量为 12 14 3 83万m3/a ,其中山地 2 4 4 4 94万m3/a ,走廊平原 (盆地 ) 9698 89万m3/a(已扣除重复量 )。     

陆源排污对邻近海域底栖海藻群落的影响

伴随着经济的发展,我国沿海海域富营养化日趋严重。为了明确富营养化对底栖海藻群落的影响及作用机制,本文选择了与大连凌水河口(污水河)毗邻的海藻床作为野外观测点,研究底栖海藻群落对营养盐自然衰减梯度的响应规律;在实验室内,选择了在排污口附近优势分布、营r-生态策略的绿藻缘管浒苔和仅在寡营养区域分布、营k-生态策略的红藻柔质仙菜作为实验材料,开展了营养吸收动力学和生长动力学研究。通过二者在营养盐吸收、利用和繁殖策略方面的比较研究,剖析了底栖海藻群落对不同营养环境的响应机制。结果显示:随着海水中营养盐浓度的降低,底栖海藻群落呈现种类数增加、优势种覆盖度降低的趋势。根据底栖海藻在群落水平对氮源营养的响应,认为现行海水水质标准中无机氮一类水质标准的限值应该由目前的14.29 μmol/L降低为6.69 μmol/L。在富营养环境中,营养盐浓度的上升促进了r-策略海藻幼体的竞争力和种群繁殖力,使其占据了大量的生态位,形成优势种群,导致底栖海藻多样性较低;在寡营养环境中,由于得不到充足的营养盐供应,r-策略海藻幼体的竞争力和种群繁殖力都受到制约,占据的空间生态位有限,为其他种类的生存提供了条件,而那些对营养盐需求较低但利用效率高的k-策略海藻则表现出更强的竞争力,在竞争中取得优势,能快速突破早期环境筛的限制,形成成体,因此,在寡营养海域,底栖海藻的多样性比较丰富。     

中国海洋生物研究70年

随着中国“海洋强国”战略的提出,加快建设海洋类学科的发展成为历史必然,海洋生物是海洋不可分割的一部分,海洋环境和生物相互依存,相互作用,海洋生物研究重要性日益凸显。为纪念中国科学家在海洋生物领域的突出贡献,本文回顾了建国以来中国海洋生物相关的重要研究进展,梳理了中国科学家在海洋生物领域的突出贡献,系统总结并讨论了未来研究方向,抛砖引玉,希望籍此助推中国海洋生物研究的新高潮。     

硇洲马尾藻Sargassum naozhouense幼孢子体附着及原生态恢复

【目的】探究硇洲马尾藻(Sargassum naozhouense)幼孢子体附着的选择性及原生态位点固着人工藻礁对马尾藻海藻资源恢复效果。【方法】选用混凝土、黄泥砖、牡蛎壳、聚丙烯板、橡皮条、沥青等6种废弃物材质对硇洲马尾藻幼孢子体附着效果进行比较;将硇洲马尾藻于徐闻南山进行原生态位点投放,周年观察比较人工藻礁与自然藻礁生长差异,探究硇洲马尾藻资源恢复效果。【结果】(1)不同材质藻礁对硇洲马尾藻幼孢子体附着差异显著,附着效果依次为混凝土>黄泥砖>牡蛎壳>聚丙烯板>橡皮条,沥青完全没有幼孢子附着。(2)当年人工藻礁苗有性生殖苗较自然生态苗生长慢,第二年假根再生苗生长与自然苗生长无显著性差异。(3)人工藻礁苗成活率为29.2%,此后不出现消退死亡,并以假根再生维持种群的繁衍。【结论】混凝土是马尾藻原生态藻床恢复较理想的人工附着基,黄泥砖、牡蛎壳、聚丙烯板等废弃物也可用于天然硇洲马尾藻以及室内有性苗源的附着基。假根再生是马尾藻种群繁衍的主要方式,利用有性繁殖的幼孢子体附着于混凝土块上进行硇洲马尾藻原生态位点投放是短时间增加马尾藻资源的有效措施,可为硇洲马尾藻海藻资源恢复提供可行的方法。