黄精“产地加工-炮制一体化”的药材及饮片质量研究

目的：研究“产地加工-炮制一体化”黄精药材及饮片的质量,探讨其工艺是否符合质量要求。方法：按最新版《中国药典》的规定对“产地加工-炮制一体化”的黄精药材及饮片进行质量评定,对其外观性状、鉴别、检查、浸出物及含量测定进行研究。结果：各批次黄精药材及饮片的质量符合《中国药典》的规定。结论：“产地加工-炮制一体化”能大大缩短工艺流程,减少生产成本,其生产出的黄精药材及饮片质量合格,能满足临床用药的需求。     

气候监测业务专题数据服务系统的设计与实现

为了满足气候监测业务日益突出的个性化资料需求,设计和开发了气候监测业务专题数据服务系统。在分析用户资料需求的基础上,重点介绍了系统的设计思路和实现技术。该系统由1个专题数据支撑库和4个功能模块组成,包括资料更新发现、专题数据集制作、数据服务和任务调度,其中,专题数据集制作方法和3种任务调度模式是系统设计的核心。系统实现采用SSH (Struts Spring Hibernate) 框架,按数据访问层、业务逻辑层和交互表现层进行分层实现;同时,结合DWR (Direct Web Remoting) 技术实现了同步异步交互方式,使用灵活的配置管理加强系统的可扩展性。系统投入运行后,已制作出13个专题数据集,提供了良好的数据服务。     

Genetic variation of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyta) populations in China as revealed by RAPD markers

For the population genetics analysis of the naturally grown brown seaweed Laminaria japonica (Laminariales,Phaeophyta) sampled from Dalian,Yantai,Weihai,Rongcheng and Qingdao in China,ten primers were employed to produce 88 bands as revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers,and all these bands were polymorphic.According to these band patterns,there were 94 distinct phenotypes occurred in 100 samples indicating the high heterozygosity of this kelp.Dalian population samples showed the highest percentage of polymorphism (71.67%),and also the higher diversity estimated on the basis of the Shannon’s index (8.498),suggesting that this population could be chosen as the best resource for genetic breeding.The highest diversity of Yantai population possibly resulted from the introduction of L.longissima used for interspecific cross breeding with L.japonica cultivated in China.From Dalian southwards to Qingdao,the genetic variation of the five populations became less with a decrease in latitude,possibly due to the natural selection especially of high temperature.The genetic distance (Φ ST values) of the five populations was a little significantly correlated with the geographical distance (r=0.496) at P =0.05 by Mantel’s test.Weihai,Rongcheng and Yantai populations were closely grouped genetically together by Neighbor-joining cluster analysis probably in that the dispersal of the kelp by propagules more easily occurring in the range of relatively short distance.The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also demonstrated that the relatively higher variation occurred among populations (71.49%) at an extremely significant level (P <0.000 1).All these evidence showed that there was a relatively distinct genetic differentiation among the sampled kelp populations,and L.japonica grown in China was also rather heterozygous in heredity.     

The development of spatial decision support system tool for marine spatial planning

A major problem associated with marine spatial planning (MSP) involves the difficult and time-consuming practice of creating a scenario that encompasses complex datasets in near real time via the use of a simple spatial analysis method. Moreover, decision-makers require a reliable, user-friendly system to quickly and accessibly acquire accurate spatial planning information. The development of national spatial data infrastructure (NSDI), which links the spatial data of a nation’s many diverse institutions, may pave the way for the development of a tool that can better utilize spatial datasets, such as a spatial decision support system (SDSS). Thus, this project aimed to develop an SDSS for MSP and to evaluate the feasibility of its integration within the NSDI framework. The seaweed culture was selected as an example due to its economic and technological acceptance by traditional fishers. Additionally, a multi-criteria analysis was used to develop the tool. Furthermore, a feasibility evaluation of its implementation within the NSDI framework was conducted based on the Delphi method. The results of the assessment indicated that the SDSS can be incorporated into the NSDI framework by addressing the policy issue – one map policy, updating custodians’ decree and data, and improve the standard and protocol.     

天然海藻场沿岸表层沉积物有机质的分布特征与来源

海藻场是生物多样性最高的生态系统之一, 其内部的沉积物有机质是支撑海藻场生物多样性的重要物质基础之一。本研究以浙江省嵊山岛北部无人村沿岸的天然海藻场为研究对象, 在大型海藻凋落期6~8月采集沉积物和端元生物样本, 分析了沉积物样本的粒径组成、总有机碳 (TOC)、总氮(TN)、碳氮比值(C/N)和碳氮稳定同位素(δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N), 通过贝叶斯稳定同位素混合模型评估了沉积物有机质的来源及变化规律。结果显示, 1)海藻场沿岸沉积物中粉砂占比最大, 砂的占比最低, 沉积物类型为黏土质粉砂; 2)沉积物TOC、TN、C/N、δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N范围分别为0.70%~2.41%、0.11%~0.41%、5.53~6.48、–21.79‰~–19.60‰和1.56‰~4.26‰, 在空间分布上, TOC与TN含量均随离岸距离增加而下降; 3)沉积物粒径组成、C/N比值、δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N之间的关系显示沉积物有机质主要来源于大型海藻和浮游植物的混合贡献; 4)根据贝叶斯同位素混合模型计算结果显示, 大型海藻对沉积物有机质贡献率在2.30%~45.60%, 在空间分布上, 大型海藻对沉积物有机质的贡献率随离岸距离增加而下降; 5)海藻碎屑产生量和沉积物有机碳沉积量评估结果显示, 大型海藻产生的碎屑有机质中有11.98%进入海藻场及沿岸海域的表层沉积物中。本研究为评估海藻场碎屑的产生规模和时空分布, 以及渔业资源养护功能提供了数据支撑。     

Relationship between long‐term changes in algal community structure and herbivore diet at the Three Kings Islands,New Zealand

We examined temporal changes at the Three Kings Islands, New Zealand in 1993 and 2002 in the diet of the endemic herbivorous fish Odax cyanoallix (Family Labridae) and in habitat‐forming macroalgae, and compared these with published accounts from 1979. The diet of O. cyanoallix predominantly comprised the laminarian Ecklonia radiata in 1993, and the fucoids Sargassum johnsonii and Landsburgia quercifolia in 2002. In depths <10 m, the endemic fucoid S. johnsonii was dominant in 1979 and 2002 and absent in 1993. E. radiata was absent in 1979, abundant in 1993, and rare in 2002. A period of significantly lower sea‐surface temperatures (SST) at the Three Kings Islands in 1990–95 corresponded to an unusually long El Niño event. The low SST may have resulted in the failure of S. johnsonii to grow and/or recruit during the El Niño event, leading to the observed changes. This study demonstrates variability in fucoid and laminarian assemblages over large time scales that are reflected in diet shifts in a species of herbivorous fish.     

广东四会优质沙糖桔产地生态地球化学特征

四会地区是中国重要的沙糖桔产区,重点对威整和地豆两处沙糖桔园进行了生态地球化学调查。采集了沙糖桔园表层至底层土壤、出露的代表性基岩、沙糖桔叶和果实样品,实测了营养、有益和有害元素以及土壤营养元素有效态的含量。通过分析得出:(1)优质沙糖桔产区植物营养、有益元素含量适宜,重金属元素中Cd、Cr、Hg等的含量符合无公害水果产地环境要求;(2)在土壤—沙糖桔生态系统中,大多数有益、营养元素从深部到表层的变化规律具有相似性;(3)沙糖桔各器官(叶、果皮、果实)中,元素大多在叶中较为富集,有害元素在果实中富集较小,大多数营养元素在果皮中较果肉中富集;(4)成土母质以砂岩及花岗岩发育而成的赤红壤较适宜,尤以砂岩为母质的土壤更好。     

中国植茶技术的地理扩散与世界四大茶叶产区

茶叶原产于中国,因其富含人体所需的数十种矿物质以及丰富的维生素,具有散郁气、驱睡气、养生气、除病气等诸多功效,加之物美价廉,因而深得人们喜爱。在过去的1500年间,茶叶作为传播中华文明的重要载体之一不断从中国向世界各地进行地理扩散。目前,世界上茶叶生产国已有50多个,由于受茶叶生境条件的制约,茶叶生产主要集中于南北纬30度之间的热带和亚热带地区,形成了东亚、南亚、东非和东南亚四大茶叶产区。本文从世界茶叶的起源和地理扩散入手,分析了世界茶叶生产的起源、扩散与地理分布格局,并在此基础上,对世界茶叶的生产趋势进行了预测。     

无公害蔬菜产地水质中总氰化物的准确测定与钴干扰量的数学关系式

用标准加入法研究了无公害蔬菜产地水质中总氰化物测定时钴的干扰情况,推算出总氰化物与钴干扰量之间的数学关系式.