不同含水期启动生产压差变化规律探讨

油田进入开发后期，调整挖潜的重点集中在低渗爱的低含水层位，这些动用差的储层主要是由于层间干扰所致。在油田开发过程中，油藏工程师非常重视储层物性的非均质及其对油藏采收率的影响，而对层间不同含不率引起的干扰现象重视不够，笔者从理论到现场分析探讨了含水率差异引起的层间干扰问题，以指导油田高含水开发期的调整，挖掘潜力。     

消退曲线超渗产流模型

考虑土壤蒸发与土壤含水量的非线性关系,建立了土壤蒸发与时间呈反比关系的消退曲线;给合简化的土壤入渗曲线,建立了超渗产流数学模型,并用滁县径流实验站资料对模型进行了验证.     

海洋植物谱系地理模式与遗传连通性研究进展

海洋植物谱系地理学虽然在国内受到的关注比较有限,但近年来的研究进展对了解环境变动如何影响物种的多样性结构、生态适应和进化潜力等亦提供了重要信息.本文首先对刊发海洋植物谱系地理研究最具代表性的两本国际期刊《Molecular Ecology》和《Journal of Biogeography》进行搜索和筛选,从研究团队的...     

栅格新安江模型在天津于桥水库流域上游的应用

栅格新安江模型是在概念性新安江模型的理论基础上,以栅格为计算单元,结合地形地貌和下垫面特性构建出来的水文模型.在于桥水库流域上游的水平口流域应用栅格新安江模型,研究该地区洪水要素的空间变化以及洪水形成过程,讨论洪水模拟效果来验证模型在半湿润地区的适用性.选取水平口流域1978-2012年的洪水进行模型计算,模拟结果较好地反映了流域产流面积的时空变化,且均达到乙级以上精度.初步表明栅格新安江模型在半湿润地区有较好的适用性.     

Divergent behaviour of Th and U during anatexis: Implications for the thermal evolution of orogenic crust

Mobilization and migration of the heat‐producing elements (HPE) during anatexis is a critical process in the development of orogenic systems, the evolution of continental crust and the stabilization of cratons. In many crustal rocks the accessory minerals are the dominant hosts of Th and U, and the behaviour of these minerals during partial melting controls the concentrations of these elements in draining melt and residue. We use phase equilibrium modelling to evaluate if loss of melt saturated in the essential structural constituents of the accessory minerals can explain the concentrations of Th and U in residual metasedimentary migmatites and granulites along two well‐characterized crustal transects in the Ivrea zone, Italy and at Mt Stafford, Australia. While an equilibrium model of accessory mineral breakdown and melt loss approximates the depletion of U in the residual crust along both transects, it does not explain the relative enrichment of Th. We propose that the high Th concentrations in residual crust may be explained by either inhibition of monazite dissolution by kinetic factors or near‐peak growth of new high Th grains and overgrowth rims on undissolved monazite due to migration of melt through the orogenic crust. Retention of the HPE in the middle and deep orogenic crust may allow metasedimentary granulites to overcome the enthalpy barrier of melting to achieve ultrahigh temperature conditions and may be partly responsible for the slow cooling of many granulite terranes. Lastly, although the mantle was warmer and crustal heat production was higher in the past, peak temperatures and apparent thermal gradients of high‐temperature (HT)–ultrahigh temperature (UHT) granulite terranes have not decreased significantly since the Neoarchean. However, the pressure of HP granulite facies metamorphism has increased gradually from the Archean to the Phanerozoic, which suggests that the lithosphere became stronger as secular cooling of the mantle enabled plate collisions to form thicker orogens. Thus, as the lithosphere became stronger, the proportion of HT–UHT metamorphism associated with thin lithosphere and mantle heat has decreased, whereas the proportion associated with the formation of thick crust and radiogenic heat has increased.     

黄精“产地加工-炮制一体化”的药材及饮片质量研究

目的：研究“产地加工-炮制一体化”黄精药材及饮片的质量,探讨其工艺是否符合质量要求。方法：按最新版《中国药典》的规定对“产地加工-炮制一体化”的黄精药材及饮片进行质量评定,对其外观性状、鉴别、检查、浸出物及含量测定进行研究。结果：各批次黄精药材及饮片的质量符合《中国药典》的规定。结论：“产地加工-炮制一体化”能大大缩短工艺流程,减少生产成本,其生产出的黄精药材及饮片质量合格,能满足临床用药的需求。     

Relationship between long‐term changes in algal community structure and herbivore diet at the Three Kings Islands,New Zealand

We examined temporal changes at the Three Kings Islands, New Zealand in 1993 and 2002 in the diet of the endemic herbivorous fish Odax cyanoallix (Family Labridae) and in habitat‐forming macroalgae, and compared these with published accounts from 1979. The diet of O. cyanoallix predominantly comprised the laminarian Ecklonia radiata in 1993, and the fucoids Sargassum johnsonii and Landsburgia quercifolia in 2002. In depths <10 m, the endemic fucoid S. johnsonii was dominant in 1979 and 2002 and absent in 1993. E. radiata was absent in 1979, abundant in 1993, and rare in 2002. A period of significantly lower sea‐surface temperatures (SST) at the Three Kings Islands in 1990–95 corresponded to an unusually long El Niño event. The low SST may have resulted in the failure of S. johnsonii to grow and/or recruit during the El Niño event, leading to the observed changes. This study demonstrates variability in fucoid and laminarian assemblages over large time scales that are reflected in diet shifts in a species of herbivorous fish.     

中国植茶技术的地理扩散与世界四大茶叶产区

茶叶原产于中国,因其富含人体所需的数十种矿物质以及丰富的维生素,具有散郁气、驱睡气、养生气、除病气等诸多功效,加之物美价廉,因而深得人们喜爱。在过去的1500年间,茶叶作为传播中华文明的重要载体之一不断从中国向世界各地进行地理扩散。目前,世界上茶叶生产国已有50多个,由于受茶叶生境条件的制约,茶叶生产主要集中于南北纬30度之间的热带和亚热带地区,形成了东亚、南亚、东非和东南亚四大茶叶产区。本文从世界茶叶的起源和地理扩散入手,分析了世界茶叶生产的起源、扩散与地理分布格局,并在此基础上,对世界茶叶的生产趋势进行了预测。     

Genetic variation of Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyta) populations in China as revealed by RAPD markers

For the population genetics analysis of the naturally grown brown seaweed Laminaria japonica (Laminariales,Phaeophyta) sampled from Dalian,Yantai,Weihai,Rongcheng and Qingdao in China,ten primers were employed to produce 88 bands as revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers,and all these bands were polymorphic.According to these band patterns,there were 94 distinct phenotypes occurred in 100 samples indicating the high heterozygosity of this kelp.Dalian population samples showed the highest percentage of polymorphism (71.67%),and also the higher diversity estimated on the basis of the Shannon’s index (8.498),suggesting that this population could be chosen as the best resource for genetic breeding.The highest diversity of Yantai population possibly resulted from the introduction of L.longissima used for interspecific cross breeding with L.japonica cultivated in China.From Dalian southwards to Qingdao,the genetic variation of the five populations became less with a decrease in latitude,possibly due to the natural selection especially of high temperature.The genetic distance (Φ ST values) of the five populations was a little significantly correlated with the geographical distance (r=0.496) at P =0.05 by Mantel’s test.Weihai,Rongcheng and Yantai populations were closely grouped genetically together by Neighbor-joining cluster analysis probably in that the dispersal of the kelp by propagules more easily occurring in the range of relatively short distance.The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) also demonstrated that the relatively higher variation occurred among populations (71.49%) at an extremely significant level (P <0.000 1).All these evidence showed that there was a relatively distinct genetic differentiation among the sampled kelp populations,and L.japonica grown in China was also rather heterozygous in heredity.