Dynamic analysis of a cylindrical casing–cement structure in a poroelastic stratum

The transient response of a cylindrical casing–cement structure in a poroelastic stratum under dynamic radial tractions is one of the significant issues during the analysis of downhole operations and the selection of safe material. Based on the Biot theory and general elastic mechanics, this paper gives a set of exact solutions for radial displacement, stresses for the casing–cement system and the pore pressure of the infinite surrounding poroelastic stratum in the Laplace transform space. Solutions are presented for three different types of transient radial loadings acting on the surface of casing, i.e., suddenly applied constant load, gradually applied step load and triangular pulse load. Time domain solutions are obtained using a reliable numerical method of inverse Laplace transforms. A detailed parametric study about the transient response is presented both at the casing–cement interface and the cement–stratum interface, and the distributions of the pore pressure and the effective stresses in the stratum are also examined. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

独山子地区荒漠土的￣（14）C年龄测定及意义

通过对独山子地区荒漠土碳酸盐淀积层的￣１４Ｃ年龄测定，探讨了碳酸盐淀积层碳的来源及其￣１４Ｃ年龄的可靠性问题。提出了根据碳酸盐淀积层的无机碳年龄，对确定土壤的年龄是有意义的     

粤、桂、湘、黔及秦岭地区碳酸盐岩中某些层控铀矿床的沉积环境控制

含矿层的沉积环境及其物质表现是我国湘、桂、粤、黔及秦岭地区碳酸盐岩中某些层控铀矿床成矿控制的基本因素。矿化在剖面上处于含矿岩系的沉积环境中沉积物性质、海水能量条件、Eh、pH等因素随时间演化的变异界面附近;矿化在空间上位于含矿岩系的沉积环境中隆起带与洼陷带间的变异部位。矿化带的分布与沉积环境的上述变异带或过渡带一致。因此,这类矿床成矿的远景地区是属于一定地质时代的古陆边缘海盆与陆表海盆的过渡带,或弧间海盆与陆缘和滨外台地的过渡带。广阔的陆表海碳酸盐岩台地不利于这类矿床的形成。我国粤、桂、湘、黔诸省及秦岭地区的碳酸盐岩中均产有层控型铀矿床。过去在研究这些矿床的成矿条件时,常只把地层岩性看作被动的容矿空间或有利于矿液交代作用的场所。近年来,笔者在找矿实践中试用现代沉积和层控矿床理论对某些矿床进行了研究,认为矿床最终成矿虽均与一定的构造-热液作用有关,但矿床的成生分布又严格的受沉积环境的控制。沉积环境及其物质表现是控制成矿的基本因素。本文是阐述这种控制并讨论这种控制机理的一个初步尝试。限于水平,谬误难免,请惠赐教正。     

菌藻对碳酸盐颗粒的泥晶化作用研究─以滇西保山地区下石炭统研究为例

碳酸盐颗粒泥晶化由真菌类和藻类的穿孔所引起，颗粒泥晶化可划分为四个阶段６种类型，泥晶套和泥晶铸型分别代表泥晶化的成长、成熟阶段。丰富的泥晶化颗粒为浅滩标志；泥晶化的深度与沉积速度成反比；泥晶化均匀程度与颗粒翻转次数成正比；颗粒泥晶化类型组合与风暴沉积有关；暴露环境出现溶蚀孔洞或负鲕。菌藻的泥晶化作用可加速海水及成岩压实作用对颗粒的破碎和细化并产生内碎屑和灰泥；鲕粒泥晶化后转变为辐射鲕和假鲕。     

X-ray imagery and physical core logging as a proxy of the content of sediment cores in cold-water coral mound provinces: a case study from Porcupine Seabight,SW of Ireland

Three provinces, characterized by the presence of carbonate mounds interpreted as cold-water coral banks have been reported in Porcupine Seabight, SW of Ireland and were recently subjected to many detailed studies. This contribution discusses the use of X-ray imagery and physical properties in deciphering palaeoceanographic, sedimentological and biological processes. Physical property core logging and X-ray imagery are used to identify and describe sedimentation regimes and so their respective palaeoceanographic and palaeoclimatological settings in two mound provinces, respectively the Belgica mound province and the Magellan mound province. Both provinces show at present time clear differences in the hydrodynamic environment. This study confirms that also during the past the oceanographic and sedimentological environment of both provinces differ clearly. Impacts of glacial–interglacial variations and locally derived ice rafting events (IRE), comparable with the North Atlantic Heinrich events (HE) have been recognized in both provinces. Moreover, the combination of X-ray imagery, magnetic susceptibility, gamma density and P-wave velocity makes it possible to estimate the coral content and coral distribution in unopened cores localized on top of carbonate mounds. A comparison between on-mound and off-mound cores in both provinces allowed revealing some mechanisms of mound evolution and coral growth versus time.     

Identification of buried sinkholes using refraction tomography at Ft. Campbell Army Airfield,Kentucky

Karst aquifers are highly susceptible to contamination, with numerous points of entry for contaminants through recharge features such as sinkholes, swallow holes and solutionally enlarged fractures. These recharge features may be filled or obscured at the surface, requiring the use of geophysical or remote sensing techniques for their identification. This study uses seismic refraction data collected at the Ft. Campbell Army Airfield (CAAF), Kentucky, USA, to test the hypothesis that refraction tomography is a useful tool for imaging bedrock depressions beneath thick overburden (greater than 20 m of unconsolidated sediment). Southeast of the main taxiway of CAAF seismic velocity tomograms imaged a bedrock low, possibly a closed depression, at a depth of 25 m that had been earlier identified through delay-time analysis of the same refraction data. Tomography suggests the bedrock low is about 250-m wide by 10-m deep at its widest point. High rates of contaminant vapor extraction over the western extension of this feature suggest a high concentration of contaminants above, and within, this filled bedrock low, the base of which may contain solutionally enlarged fractures (i.e. karst conduits) that could funnel these contaminants to the upper or lower bedrock aquifers. This study thus demonstrates the viability of seismic refraction tomography as a tool for identification of filled sinkholes and bedrock depressions in karst areas.     

青海湖碳酸盐氧同位素环境记录再认识

青海湖是我国内陆最大的闭流型水体,地处东亚季风和西风的交汇影响区,对区域降水的改变等气候变化反应敏感,其水位变化历史是研究区域季风环境演变极其宝贵和重要的环境档案。青海湖Q14B孔岩芯介壳δ18Oc变化曲线自1991年发表以来,受到国内外同行的广泛关注和继续探讨。依据近年来青海湖气候与环境演变研究的最新研究结果和个人对闭流型湖泊同位素地球化学的认识,对介壳δ18Oc变化曲线进行了重新判读并得出以下结论:14.5~10.5 ka B.P.,青海湖区气候已逐渐从干冷向温湿过渡,季风降水逐渐增加;10.8~10.5 ka B.P.,青海湖处于碳酸盐滩湖环境,湖水深度从几米演变到接近干涸;10.5~9.5 kaB.P.,季风降水增加;9.5~8 ka B.P,湖水位从此前的接近干涸演变到此间的2~8 m,δ18Oc值跌落到一个较低的位置;8~3.5ka B.P,气候条件相对稳定,湖水不断蒸发引起重同位素的富集;3.5~0ka B.P,湖水处于同位素稳定阶段。研究结果还显示,δ18Oc值的短期波动与湖泊水位短期变化关系密切且明显,即水位高低分别对应δ18Oc的低值与高值。δ18Oc值的长期变化与湖泊水位长期变化关系不明显,水位较浅时,二者几乎无关联;水位较深时,水位的长期缓慢下降自然会导致δ18Oc逐渐攀升,而水位的长期缓慢上升也可以伴随δ18Oc逐渐攀升。     

××地块水泥土室内配合比试验

针对目前国内外水泥土强度测定的试验方法,还未形成规范操作的情况下,该文主要从室内试验的角度,阐述了水 泥土试验的目的、试验设备、试样的制备以及试验的方法,从而确定出最佳的水泥掺入比,同时对水泥土与原状土的 物理力学性质以及水泥土的强度增长机理作初步的探讨。     

航放异常解释用Z量板的水泥模型验证

对航放异常矩形反演使用的理论Z量板进行了水泥板模型验证，解决了在航放实测条件下难以验证以及如何消除验证模型对γ射线的等效空气吸收系数与空气本身对γ射线的吸收系数不同的影响等问题。验证结果表明，该量板是正确的，可用的。