城市三维地下管线定位及埋深探测技术研讨

根据国土管理部门的业务需要,城市三维地籍测量之地下空间要素的测量工作日益受到重视,地下管线的测量、探测项目不断增多,管线定位、埋深探测技术在城市地下管线基础数据采集和三维数据库建设中发挥着重要的作用。本文介绍了目前地下管线实际应用的几种探测方法,并从应用电磁法探测地下金属管线的基本理论出发,对三种观测系统的定位及埋深探测误差进行了对比和分析。     

吉林省文物保护管理系统的设计与建立

文物是不可再生的文化资源,利用先进的测绘技术助力文物保护管理智慧平台的建设,将吉林省文物局现有的文物信息管理平台与地理信息时空数据相挂接,实现文物的查询、属性、分布、统计等功能与地形图相关联,是切实可行的。     

基于新经济地理学的长三角城市群空间格局及发展因素

城市群空间格局发展并非均匀的发展,而是密度(Density)更为集中、距离(Distance)逐渐缩短、整合(Division)更为强烈的过程。基于2009年世界银行发展报告,在劳动生产率基础上分析了长三角城市群空间发展状态。结果表明:1城市化的推进取决于密度的增加,区域发展取决于距离约束的克服,而区域一体化则取决于减少分割并增强整合,因此3D对于认识城市群区域发展及其一体化进程是非常合适的框架。2上海、苏州和无锡表现为3D类型,常州和南京表现为"密度—距离"2D类型,杭州表现为"距离—整合"2D类型,南通等表现为"距离"1D类型,绍兴等表现为"整合"1D类型,扬州等表现出0D类型;3长三角城市群的经济密度、心理距离、制造业专业化指数和外商直接投资均与劳动生产率存在显著性,弹性系数分别为1.727、0.218、0.102和0.237,而交通综合可达性作用不再显著,说明现阶段提升城市群内部经济密度和整合内外部资源比缩短各城市间距离更为重要。     

3XMM J185246.6+003317 as transient neutron star

We performed an X‐ray timing and spectral analysis of the variable source 3XMM J185246.6+003317 to investigate its physical nature. The data from all observations of 3XMMJ185246.6+003317 conducted by XMM‐Newton EPIC MOS1 and MOS2 with the same instrumental setup in 2004–2009 were reprocessed to form a homogenous data set of solar barycenter corrected photon arrival times and high S/N spectra of 3XMM J185246.6+003317. A Bayesian method for the search, detection, and estimation of the parameters of a periodic signal of unknown shape was employed, as developed by Gregory & Loredo (1992, 1993). The results show that 3XMM J185246.6+003317 is a transient neutron star with the genuine spin‐period of 23.11722 (23.11711–23.11727) s and its derivative of 5.3(0.3–5.5)×10^–11 s s^–1, implying a characteristic age of 7 (6–104) kyr, if the period derivative can be ascribed to the genuine spin‐down rate of the neutron star. The rotational‐phase averaged X‐ray spectra at the different brightness periods can be fitted with a highly absorbed blackbody model with different temperatures. The phase‐folded light curves in different energy bands with high S/N ratio show a double‐peaked profile; the variations depend on time and energy, indicating that radiation emerges from at least two emitting areas. The spectra at the phases corresponding to the maxima in the phase‐folded light curve show different spectral parameters of absorbed blackbody radiation, i.e. the hotter one has a smaller size. The source is detected only from September 2008 to April 2009 with persistently decreasing brightness, but not before, even though it was observed by XMM. Hence, it is a transient neutron star or a binary system hosting it. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

SVOM数据档案库软件原型系统的设计与实现

作为中法天文卫星(Space multi-band Variable Object Monitor,SVOM)中方科学中心的重要组成部分,中法天文卫星数据档案库承担了中方科学数据产品本地存储和管理的任务,提供统一的数据产品管理平台,实现中法天文卫星科学数据产品的归档、检索、检出、维护与管理等功能。作为中法天文卫星科学中心预研的一部分,对中法天文卫星数据档案库原型系统进行了需求分析、系统设计,实现能够运行的原型系统,以演示中法天文卫星数据档案库的基本功能和工作流程,验证设计方案的可行性。档案库原型系统具有开放性和低耦合的特点,能够适应中法天文卫星中方数据产品结构的不断变化,在项目早期即可投入试用并不断完善,满足中法天文卫星的任务需求。     

“Pilot chimney” on the waterloo campus

A brief survey is given of the sources, the methods of injection into the atmosphere, and the mechanisms of deposition into bodies of water for various atmospheric pollutants which contribute significantly to the pollution of large bodies of water. Specific examples of the relative importance of atmospheric sources are included where data are available. Programs of the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service in this field of research are outlined.     

对转压气机三维掠动叶优化设计

为探索三维掠动叶降低对转压气机二次流损失的潜力,进一步提高对转压气机气动性能,基于近似函数与遗传算法,针对某对转压气机双排转子在整机环境下进行三维掠动叶优化设计,并对优化前后流场进行对比分析。优化成功的得到了双排“S”形掠动叶,结果表明:三维掠动叶有效改善了双排动叶吸力面径向二次流,减小了吸力面低速区,提高了对转压气机性能,优化工况点整机效率提高0.6%,全工况范围内效率均有所提高;三维掠动叶提高对转压气机效率的根本原因是其对径向负荷分配的重新调整,将叶展下方流动较差区域负荷移至叶展上方,改善流场的同时保证对转压气机负荷不变。      

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH WIND DISTRIBUTION IN CHINA'S COASTAL REGION AND THEIR CAUSES

This work investigates the distribution of high winds above Beaufort scale 6 in the offshore zones of China using high-resolution satellite measurements.A numerical experiment is carried out in order to find out the effects of Taiwan Island on the formation of strong winds.The analysis indicates that the distribution of high wind occurrence is similar to that of the average wind velocity in winter.High winds tend to be anchored in special topographical regions,such as the Taiwan Strait,the Bashi Channel and the southeast coast of Vietnam.High winds occur much more frequently over the warmer than the colder flank of Kuroshio front as it meanders from Taiwan to Japan.The frequency of high winds decreases drastically in spring.The Taiwan Strait maintains the largest high wind occurrence.Besides,high winds remain frequent in the Bashi Channel,the southeast tip of Taiwan Island and the warmer flank of Kuroshio front.In summer,high winds generally occur infrequently except over a broad region off the southeast coast of Vietnam near 10°N and the frequency there decreases from southwest to northeast.High winds around Taiwan Island present near axisymmetric distribution with larger frequency along southeast-northwest direction and smaller frequency along southwest-northeast direction.The dominant direction of high winds exhibits a counterclockwise circulation surrounding the island.The frequency of high winds increases rapidly in autumn and almost repeats the distribution that appears in winter.The simulation results suggest that the effects of Taiwan Island topography on high winds vary with seasons.In winter,topography is the major cause of high winds in the surrounding oceanic zones.High winds in both Taiwan Strait and the southeast corner of the island disappear and the frequency decreases gradually from south to north when the terrain is removed.However,in summer,high wind frequency derived from two simulations with and without terrain is almost identical.We attribute this phenomenon to the factors which are responsible for the formation of high winds.     

降水资料同化在GRAPES-MESO模式中应用试验研究

利用国家气象中心中尺度业务数值预报模式GRAPES-MESO v3.0,以2010年6月1～30日为例,开展地面降水率1DVAR(one-dimensional variational assimilation)同化方案在GRAPES-3DVAR(three-dimensional variational assimilation)同化系统中的应用试验研究(ASSI试验),并以未加降水资料同化的试验为对照试验(CNTL试验),以评估全国1h加密雨量资料在模式中同化应用的效果。结果表明:1)在相对湿度背景误差和降水率观测误差范围内,1DVAR同化方案能够对湿度廓线进行有意义的调整,使分析降水向观测降水靠近;ASSI试验对初始温、压、湿、风场的修正主要为正效果;2)对2010年6月17～21日江南、华南连续性降水过程进行了分析,整体而言ASSI试验对逐日及逐时降水强度的预报普遍强于CNTL试验,与实况更加接近;3)ASSI试验对2010年6月1～30日08时起报的0～24 h模式预报的小雨、中雨、大雨、暴雨、大暴雨各个降水量级TS评分及ETS评分相比CNTL试验均有较明显提高,预报偏差也更接近于1;4)ASSI试验较CNTL试验能更好地模拟雨带的分布、雨带演变特征和降水强度的变化;5)对降水所做的典型个例和统计检验分析从不同角度说明了地面降水资料1DVAR同化方案在GRAPES-3DVAR系统中的应用改善了GRAPES-MESO v3.0的降水模拟效果。