三亚湾海水中Sr/Ca、Mg/Ca 变化及对珊瑚微量元素温度计的响应

对海南岛南岸三亚湾海水2008~2009年周间隔取样,用全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)分析方法对其Sr、Mg、Ca的含量m(Sr)、m(Mg)、m(Ca)进行了测定。结果显示,m(Sr)/m(Ca)=8.558×10-3~9.227×10-3、m(Mg)/m(Ca)=4.924~5.403,与全球各大洋和主要珊瑚礁区有明显的高异常偏差,而且在春末夏初和秋末冬初两个过渡期,三亚湾海水m(Sr)/m(Ca)波动幅度比m(Mg)/m(Ca)相对较大,且体现了一定的差异性。在此基础上,结合海水的m(Sr)/m(Ca)、m(Mg)/m(Ca)在时间和地域空间上的变化对珊瑚温度计标定的影响,对不同站点建立的珊瑚m(Sr)/m(Ca)温度计进行了重新校正,并与分配系数法对比分析,我们认为利用珊瑚的m(Sr)/m(Ca)、m(Mg)/m(Ca)重建古海水表面温度(SST)记录时必须综合考虑包括海水微量元素比值变化在内的各种影响因素对温度计标定的干扰,为进一步了解气候环境演变具有重要意义。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定长石矿物中钾钠钙镁铝钛铁

样品用HCl-HNO3-HClO4-HF分解,电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法同时测定长石矿物中的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Al、Ti、Fe。对元素的分析谱线、溶解用酸的量等工作条件进行了优化,选择了各元素的最佳分析谱线及背景校正模式,探讨HF的用量,试验加内标和不加内标两种测定方法对测定结果的影响。结果表明,对于样品中含量较高的Al,选用次灵敏线396.152 nm,用内标法补偿非光谱干扰,以长石中含量极低的Au作为内标元素(测定谱线为242.795 nm)可以获得满意的结果,方法检出限为0.45～3.56μg/g。经国家一级标准物质GBW03134、GBW 3116验证,测定值的相对误差(RE)为-1.32%～10.0%,ICP-AES法与其他测定方法的测定结果无显著性差异,方法精密度(RSD,n=10)为0.55%～7.2%,能够满足长石矿物中相关组分的准确测定。     

细菌在洞穴含铁沉积物形成过程中的作用

本文以贵州董哥洞岩壁分离出沉积Fe3 的菌株,在室内模拟铁细菌引起的沉积过程,探讨了细菌在洞穴含铁沉积物形成过程中的机制。结果表明,铁细菌对数生长期结束后,实验体系中的铁、钙开始沉积,且在约4h之内Fe3 和Ca2 的浓度降低至接近零。通过比较铁细菌作用后的岩石样品与未经微生物作用的岩石样品的X射线衍射和X射线荧光探针图谱,发现不论经过细菌作用与否,岩石样品中的元素和矿物成分均相同,主要元素均为Ca、Fe、Mn、Mg、P、Si和Al,矿物成分都有方解石、纤铁矿和粘土矿物。结合洞穴环境条件分析,指出细菌能够富集洞穴渗水中的铁离子,其生物成矿作用形成铁矿物和非晶质铁壳覆盖于洞穴沉积物表面,改变了洞穴沉积物的色泽。     

Geochemical evidence for non-marine depositional environment of foraminiferal fossils from the Nihewan Basin, China

From the first finding in 1970s, the findings of foraminiferal fossil assemblages in inland basins have been reported from time to time, especially in recent years. The debates on the depositional environment of foraminiferal fossils have become the hot spot of researches again in China. Based on the researches of trace element geochemistry and electron scanning microscope of shells of Quaternary foraminiferal fossils from the Xiaodukou section in the inland Nihewan basin, the original ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and other geochemical information of shells were believed to be preserved well and could be used to rebuild the geochemistry of contemporary waters where foraminifera deposited, although there existed some effects of burial diagenesis on the geochemistry of shells to a certain extent. The ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of well-preserved Xiaodukou foraminiferal shells were measured, giving a range of 0.711190±25–0.712018±14, apparently higher than the value of contemporary seawater (0.709087–0.709147) and similar to that of the Sanggan River, proving that it represented the value of the ancient lacustrine water. The hyperbolic mixing models of ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr-palaeosalinity and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr-Sr/Ca indicated that the contemporary waters where Xiaodukou foraminifera inhabited was an inland lake and there was no seawater input to the depositional environment.     

延河泉岩溶水系统Sr/Mg、Sr/Ca分布特征及其应用

山西省延河泉岩溶水系统是我国北方岩溶大泉之一。依据碱土金属比值Sr Mg、Sr Ca与矿化度关系,分析了延河泉岩溶水系统Sr Mg、Sr Ca分布规律及形成条件。从补给区到径流区、排泄区,Sr Mg、Sr Ca值逐渐增高;径流条件好,Sr Mg、Sr Ca值低;径流条件差,其值高;径流滞缓区最高。并且Sr Mg、Sr Ca值主要受径流条件控制,不受人为作用的影响。因此,Sr Mg、Sr Ca是比较理想的天然示踪剂。根据Sr Mg、Sr Ca值将延河泉岩溶水系统划分为三个子系统,即下河泉子系统(泉1、2、3、5),延河泉子系统(泉4、6),南部散泉子系统(泉7、8、9)。     

Allende碳质球粒陨石中某些斜长石的阴极发光现象及其产生的机理

对Allende陨石的富钙铝包裹体中的斜长石,用电子探针和扫描电镜进行阴极发光的研究。作者对三颗生长在富钙铝包裹体中无尖晶石区域内的斜长石晶体进行了详细的研究。在电子束的轰击下它们都显示出深、浅蓝色的阴极发光带。电子探针定量分析表明,在深蓝色发光带中,杂质元素Na和Mg的含量较高(约为500～1000ppm),而在浅蓝色发光带中,Na、Mg含量相对较低(约为100～500ppm),同时Na的含量与Mg的含量呈正相关。 矿物中微量杂质的存在与矿物的阴极发光之间存在着某些规律性的联系,因此矿物的阴极发光可以作为研究矿物的一种特殊标志。此外,不同微量元素的存在也可以给出某些成因信息。 本文对引起阴极发光的物理机制也进行了讨论。     

适用于尖晶石相橄榄岩的第一个定量地质压力计

The historic development of the first geobarometer for spinel lherzolite based on the distribution of calcium between existing olivine and clinopyroxene is reported here.
Kohler and Brey(1990) suggested the geobarometer as follows:
P(10⁸Pa)=(−TlnD_Ca−11982+361T)/56.2 for T≥ (1275.25+2.827P) (K),
P(10⁸Pa)=( −TlnD_Ca−5792−1.25T)/42.5 for T≤(1275.25+2.827P) (K).
Based on their calibrated experiments for calcium exchange between olivine and clinopyroxene from wide temperature-pressure range.     

适用于尖晶石相橄榄岩的第一个定量地质压力计

正确测定尖晶石相橄榄岩的Ｔ－Ｐ关系，对于了解岩石圈地幔的许多基本性质和过程具有重要意义。介绍了根据Ｃａ在共存的橄榄石和辉石之间的分配而建立的适用于尖晶石相橄榄岩的第一个定量地质压力计，叙述了该地质压力计的研究历史、现状和使用中的注意事项。     

Mass‐Independent and Mass‐Dependent Ca Isotopic Compositions of Thirteen Geological Reference Materials Measured by Thermal Ionisation Mass Spectrometry

We report mass‐independent and mass‐dependent Ca isotopic compositions for thirteen geological reference materials, including carbonates (NIST SRM 915a and 915b), Atlantic seawater as well as ten rock reference materials ranging from peridotite to sandstone, using traditional ε and δ values relative to NIST SRM 915a, respectively. Isotope ratio determinations were conducted by independent unspiked and ⁴³Ca‐⁴⁸Ca double‐spiked measurements using a customised Triton Plus TIMS. The mean of twelve measurement results gave ε^40/44Ca values within ± 1.1, except for GSP‐2 that had ε^40/44Ca = 4.04 ± 0.15 (2SE). Significant radiogenic ⁴⁰Ca enrichment was evident in some high K/Ca samples. At an uncertainty level of ± 0.6, all reference materials had the same ε^43/44Ca and ε^48/44Ca values. We suggest the use of δ^44/42Ca to report mass‐dependent Ca isotopic compositions. The precision under intermediate measurement conditions for δ^44/42Ca over eight months in our laboratory was ± 0.03‰ (with n ≥ 8 repeat measurements). Measured igneous reference materials gave δ^44/42Ca values ranging from 0.27‰ to 0.54‰. Significant Ca isotope fractionation may occur during magmatic and metasomatism processes. Studied reference materials with higher (Dy_n/Yb_n) tend to have lower δ^44/42Ca, implying a potential role of garnet in producing magmas with low δ^44/42Ca. Sandstone GBW07106 had a δ^44/42Ca value of 0.22‰, lower than all igneous rocks studied so far.     

钙对高盐胁迫下缘管浒苔和孔石莼生理生化过程的影响

钙能缓解盐胁迫对植物的伤害 ,其效应因植物不同而异。近年来 ,国内外在这方面对高等植物的研究报道较多 ,章文华等１９９３年 ,龚明等１９９４年 ,钱骅、史跃林等１９９５年研究了小麦 ,大麦 ,玉米等粮食作物和黄瓜、无花果等瓜果遭受盐渗透胁迫后 ,钙离子在减轻其盐害方面的作用及机理。潮河带藻类在高盐度的海水环境下 ,潮汐变化过程中其生理生化过程受到影响。钙是否也能减轻渗透胁迫对其的影响 ,尚未见有关这方面的报道。本文试图通过高钙对盐胁迫下两种底栖藻生理生化过程影响的研究 ,了解海藻与高等植物在钙素调节渗透胁迫方面的异同…