西安地裂缝人工地震反射波勘探覆盖次数

在西安地裂缝勘察中,人工地震反射波勘探的覆盖次数越高,叠加剖面信噪比越高,但同时也增加了施工难度,提高了勘探成本。为了研究不同覆盖次数在西安地裂缝地震勘探中勘探效果,笔者通过三个场地地裂缝地震勘探资料的处理分析,采用抽稀炮点方法得出不同覆盖次数的叠加剖面,对比分析了不同剖面的勘探效果,结合验证的钻孔资料,总结了不同覆盖次数的勘探效果,认为在原始记录信噪比较高的情况下,12次反射波覆盖能明显确定地裂缝异常,最低覆盖次数不要低于6次。     

广西南丹地区有色金属尾砂型人工矿床地质特征及其资源化

广西南丹地区尾矿分布于大厂、车河、芒场等矿区.尾砂来自以锡石为主的多金属矿床,尾砂中除Sn,Pb,Zn,Ag,Sb的质量分数达到工业指标外,Au亦达到综合利用指标.通过试验证明,对尾矿中的细微粒锡石可采用风力分级选矿、磁选和化学选矿等方法回收;尾砂中的非金属资源可作为填充材料、水泥原料利用,使尾砂型人工矿床充分的资源化.     

铜陵凤凰山铜矿区多源信息综合集成成矿预测模型探讨

在研究凤凰山铜矿区成矿地质背景和成矿作用过程的基础上,运用历史分析和动力分析的综合分析方法,结合现代成矿预测理论,提取了本区多元地学信息综合集成的成矿预测信息,并利用具有较强的非线性拟合功能的BP人工神经网络模型,探讨建立了本区多元信息综合集成的成矿预测模型.     

Comparison of perfectly matched layer and multi-transmitting formula artificial boundary condition based on hybrid finite element formulation

The theory of perfectly matched layer (PML) artificial boundary condition (ABC), which is characterized by absorption any wave motions with arbitrary frequency and arbitrarily incident angle, is introduced. The construc- tion process of PML boundary based on elastodynamic partial differential equation (PDE) system is developed. Combining with velocity-stress hybrid finite element formulation, the applicability of PML boundary is investi- gated and the numerical reflection of PML boundary is estimated. The reflectivity of PML and multi-transmitting formula (MTF) boundary is then compared based on body wave and surface wave simulations. The results show that although PML boundary yields some reflection, its absorption performance is superior to MTF boundary in the numerical simulations of near-fault wave propagation, especially in corner and large angle grazing incidence situations. The PML boundary does not arise any unstable phenomenon and the stability of PML boundary is better than MTF boundary in hybrid finite element method. For a specified problem and analysis tolerance, the computa- tional efficiency of PML boundary is only a little lower than MTF boundary.     

Development stage threshold of watershed landforms in Loess Plateau and separation of erosion mechanism

Threshold is a limit and marginal point when a qualitative change takes place. Since threshold principle was firstly used in landform research by S.A.Schumm in the 1970s, the quantitative research on watershed landform development stage has come true. Davis proposed a three-stage model on landform evolution: young, mature and old stages. Thereafter Strahler quantified this model by hypsometric analysis method. The authors thought that the material movement stage cannot be expressed by hypsometric method in watershed landform at development stage, because of the uncertainty on stage delimitation. To meet this shortcoming, this paper presents an integral erosion value method. A clear delimitation on landform development stage in the Loess Plateau region has been tested by this method. The result shows that gullied loessial hilly area is at the mature stage, and gullied loessial tableland area is at the young stage. It is estimated that from the point of erosion related sediment yield, natural erosion accounts for 70% of the total erosion amount, and artificial accelerating erosion is 30%. Therefore soil and water conservation is very crucial for the Loess Plateau.     

Kohonen人工神经网络在新疆东天山地区斑岩型钼矿资源预测中的应用

采用多源信息找矿模型,结合Kohonen人工神经网络对新疆东天山地区斑岩型钼矿进行了成矿预测。通过该地区已有斑岩型钼矿的成矿、控矿规律,确定了5类预测变量。由于东天山钼矿床已知样本较少,使用非线性的Kohonen人工神经网络法进行少模型预测。此方法不依赖预测区域的样本数量,实行非监督分类。分类结果显示:东天山地区2个典型钼矿床皆落入A类成矿有利区域,证明分类效果较为可信。实验结果表明,该方法操作简便,是一种较为快捷、有效的预测方法。     

水力压裂缝延伸方向分析及其应用

水力压裂是油井增产通常采用的一种措施．对地层压裂时产生的裂缝形态、走向进行了阐述；根据井孔周围应力集中现象，利用地层破裂机理分析了发育有直劈裂缝的地层压裂时人工裂缝产生条件，定量分析了压裂缝延伸与地层应力状态、天然裂缝走向、施工压力、岩石抗张强度的关系．并在沙南油田梧桐沟组油藏开发生产中，应用该方法来判断人工裂缝和天然裂缝以及预测它们的延伸状况得到了非常好的验证．     

用载荷试验及钢筋计测试联合确定一定深度上的桩基承载力

结合北京大使公寓工程桩基的测试,采用载荷试验和钢筋计的测试联合确定一定深度以下的桩基承载力的方法,对3根试验桩进行了测试。试验平面位于自然地表以下6 5m处,要求提供基础埋深-13 4m以下的有效桩长所具有的极限承载力。测试时,在桩体内主钢筋上预装了钢筋计,并测定了-6 5～-13 4m深度范围的桩侧摩阻力。从载荷试验中测定的-6 5m处桩基所具有的极限承载力中扣除上述桩侧摩阻力,可得到工程所要求的桩基极限承载力。实践证明,这是一种有效的测试方法。     

松辽盆地北部纵波速度区域特征分析及深层油气问题

近年来,松辽盆地深层天然气勘探取得重大突破,因此松辽盆地深层油气问题也受到诸多学者的高度重视.本文以松辽盆地北部深层油气问题为研究目标,对纵波速度资料进行重新整理和分析,描述了六条人工地震剖面的构造特征,并对盆地内几大主要断陷进行了评价.本次研究对于深层形态的定性说明有一定可信性,利用六条长剖面从区域角度分析该盆地深层地层分布以及讨论与油气的关系,可以得到更全面的认识,对进一步的深层油气勘探具有指导意义.