Economic reform, open-door policy and changes in spatial development patterns in China

1 IntroductionA country's regional development pattern is inevitably shaped by the regional development policies its government adopts. In planned economies like China's, the government's role in determining spatial differences of regional development is particularly great[1]. Since the inception of the economic reform and open-door policy in the late 1970s China has been undergoing an unprecedented transition from a planned to a market-oriented economy and from an agrarian society to an urba…     

Massive stars exploding in a He-rich circumstellar medium – I. Type Ibn (SN 2006jc-like) events

We present new spectroscopic and photometric data of the Type Ibn supernovae 2006jc, 2000er and 2002ao. We discuss the general properties of this recently proposed supernova family, which also includes SN 1999cq. The early-time monitoring of SN 2000er traces the evolution of this class of objects during the first few days after the shock breakout. An overall similarity in the photometric and spectroscopic evolution is found among the members of this group, which would be unexpected if the energy in these core-collapse events was dominated by the interaction between supernova ejecta and circumstellar medium. Type Ibn supernovae appear to be rather normal Type Ib/c supernova explosions which occur within a He-rich circumstellar environment. SNe Ibn are therefore likely produced by the explosion of Wolf–Rayet progenitors still embedded in the He-rich material lost by the star in recent mass-loss episodes, which resemble known luminous blue variable eruptions. The evolved Wolf–Rayet star could either result from the evolution of a very massive star or be the more evolved member of a massive binary system. We also suggest that there are a number of arguments in favour of a Type Ibn classification for the historical SN 1885A (S-Andromedae), previously considered as an anomalous Type Ia event with some resemblance to SN 1991bg.     

国际矿业税制最新改革焦点及其启示

矿业税费制度多年来一直是我国改革的难点和热点。该文分析了最近几年来世界主要矿业国家和地区矿业税制改革的最新动态和发展趋势,总结了国际矿业税制最新改革对我国的启示,提出了构建我国有效矿业税制应该建立矿业税费评价制度,确立评价指标和方法,建立良好的矿业税基本制度。     

GIS专业本科课程改革的几点思考

随着地理信息在国民经济、国防建设和人们日常生活中的应用越来越广泛,高校所培养的学生远远不能满足社会需求。由于各培养单位的教学水平、力量和能力不同,培养出的人才水平良莠不齐,很多单位培养的GIS人才不尽人意。本文根据GIS教育的特点,就GIS专业本科教育的课程体系、教学内容、技能培养提出了几点意见,供大家批评与深入讨论。     

从“数字地球”看测绘工程专业的教育改革

在构建“数字地球”过程中 ,测绘学科和测绘行业将会发挥非常重要的作用。同时也对承担测绘人才教育的高等院校提出了新的挑战和要求。承担测绘高级专门人才培养的高校测绘工程专业也应适应这种趋势 ,对测绘专业教育进行深入、细致的改革 ,改变传统的人才培养模式 ,培养更多能促进社会进步、发展测绘事业的专门人才 ,为“数字地球”、“数字中国”的建设做出贡献。     

大学地球科学类地图学教学与教材内容改革研究

从现代地球科学与空间信息技术发展对地图学理论、地图信息获取处理、制图技术工艺和地图产品等方面所提出的基本要求分析,文章认为应对传统的地图学教材内容进行彻底改革,才能适应数字环境下地图学科的自身发展以及地球科学与相关学科发展的需要,最后给出了作为有关地球科学类地图学教学内容改革的框架体系和教材的具体内容。     

土地整治供给侧结构性改革与乡村重构——潜江“华山模式”实证研究

在厘清供给侧结构性改革提出的背景、内涵基础上,运用实地观察法和深度访谈法,探讨如何通过开展土地整治助推乡村重构等问题,并以湖北省潜江的“华山模式”作为实证。结果表明：①需要构建“背景—手段—路径—目标”的土地整治供给侧结构性改革体系;②土地整治供给侧结构性改革从调结构、去库存、补短板、降成本、促融合五个方面着手,核心在于实现“劳动力、土地、资本、制度、产业、技术”六大要素的合理配置;③“华山模式”实现了土地流转—虾稻共作—镇企共建—市场引导—多方共赢的目标,是土地整治供给侧结构性改革助推乡村重构的成功样板。建议在实施土地整治时,应贯彻绿色理念、注意全域规划、依托科技支撑、因地制宜发展当地产业、加强制度供给等,确保土地整治助推乡村重构的有效性和持续性。     

Fishing for justice: Human rights,development, and fisheries sector reform

A review of case law and other documentation of human rights issues in fishing communities highlights forced evictions, detention without trial, child labour, forced labour and unsafe working conditions, and violence and personal security, including gender-based violence, as key areas of concern. We argue that human rights violations undermine current attempts to reform the fisheries sector in developing countries by increasing the vulnerability and marginalization of certain groups. Citing cases from India, the Philippines, Cambodia, and South Africa, we show how human rights advocacy can be an effective element of support for development in fisheries. Finally, we outline how fisheries reform can better address human rights issues as an essential complement to the equitable allocation of fishing rights, contributing to improved resource management and human wellbeing.     

Minimising unsustainable yield: Ten failing European fisheries

Ten European fish stocks recognised by the European Union as “outside safe biological limits” are considered in light of widespread reforms to fisheries legislation in 2013, particularly the legal responsibility to exploit these resources sustainably. Given that some of these stocks are – as of 2013 – fished at over 150% the recommended intensity and many have been outside of these limits for the entirety of their assessment history, the utilisation of traditional fisheries management measures of sustainability are questioned and tougher approaches such as “zero-catch” and long-term, expansive spatial closure scenarios are considered. Finally, the pervasive issue of data-deficiency (the status of 54% of European stocks) is briefly considered, with specific reference to the understudied West of Scotland and North Sea stock of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).