影响湛江的台风风场数值模拟

本文利用对称型台风风场模型和基于特征线的非对称型台风风场，同时采用背景风场与台风模型风场的合成的方法，研究了影响湛江的台风气压场和风场的数值模拟。研究结果表明：(1)当台风气压场的不对称特征明显时，采用非对称型台风风场模型模拟的结果明显优于对称型台风风场模型的结果；(2)利用背景风场与台风模型风场的合成要比单独使用台风模型风场更好。     

Numerical Research on Effects Upon Precipitation Forecast of Doppler-Radar Estimated Precipitation and Retrieved Wind Field Under Different Model Initial Schemes

On the basis of the joint estimated 1-h precipitation from Changde, Jingzhou, and Yichang Doppler radars as well as Wuhan digital radar, and the retrieved wind fields from Yichang and Jingzhou Doppler radars, a series of numerical experiments with an advanced regionalη-coordinate model (AREM) under different model initial schemes, i.e., Grapes-3DVAR, Barnes objective analysis, and Barnes-3DVAR, are carried out for a torrential rain process occurring along the Yangtze River in the 24-h period from 2000 BT 22 July 2002 to investigate the effects of the Doppler-radar estimated rainfall and retrieved winds on the rainfall forecast. The main results are as follows: (1) The simulations are obviously different under three initial schemes with the same data source (the radiosounding and T213L31 analysis). On the whole, Barnes-3DVAR, which combines the advantages of the Barnes objective analysis and the Grapes-3DVAR method, gives the best simulations: well-simulated rain band and clear mesoscale structures, as well as their location and intensity close to observations. (2) Both Barnes-3DVAR and Grapes-3DVAR schemes are able to assimilate the Doppler-radar estimated rainfall and retrieved winds, but differences in simulation results are very large, with Barnes-3DVAR's simulation much better than Grapes-3DVAR's. (3) Under Grapes-3DVAR scheme, the simulation of 24-h rainfall is improved obviously when assimilating the Doppler-radar estimated precipitation into the model in compared with the control experiment; but it becomes a little worse when assimilating the Doppler-radar retrieved winds into the model, and it becomes worse obviously when assimilating the Doppler-radar estimated precipitation as well as retrieved winds into the model. However, the simulation is different under Barnes-3DVAR scheme. The simulation is improved to a certain degree no matter assimilating the estimated precipitation or retrieved winds, or both of them. The result is the best when assimilating both of them into the model. And (4) Barnes-3DVAR is a new and efficient initial scheme for assimilating the radar estimated rainfall and retrieved winds.     

GNSS-R海洋遥感方法研究

对利用全球导航定位系统（GNSS）的海洋反射信号（GNSS-R）反演海面要素的方法进行了详细讨论。在归纳国外研究成果的基础上，系统地整理和阐述了利用GNSS-R反演海洋要素的理论模型、方法以及反演流程，特别对GNSS-R的信号特征以及功率波形进行了详细讨论和公式推导。     

风场预报的客观释用方法

本文介绍了数值预报提供的风场格点资料在客观预报软件中的释用方法,主要从资料处理、天气系统判断、涡旋度判断、急流判断、地面锋区判断及稳定度判断等方面作了详细阐述.为风场预报的客观释用作了较好的总结,在业务科研开发中具有一定的实用价值.     

西安市污染气象条件分析

利用西安市的现场气象观测资料及西安市观测站的实测资料,分析了西安市对大气污染物稀释扩散能力有重要影响地温度场、风场、大气稳定度等,结果表明:西安市冬季存在较为明显的热岛效应;接地逆温强度较低层逆温强度大;各时次地面风流型以S-SE为主,频率为11%～54%;冬季风速82.4%以上都小于2.9m/s,大于2.9m/s的风速出现频率很小,为5.3%;夜晚及凌晨以稳定类天气为主,中午前后以不稳定或中性天气为主。

     

白水电厂污染气象特征分析

利用白水县1993～1998年地面气象要素值以及1998年2月11日～3月10日的低空气象要素观测资料,分析了白水电厂的污染气象特征,得出白水电厂所处的地理位置及气候特征有利于污染物的扩散．     

一次暖区特大暴雨过程分析

5月3～5日珠海市出现2003年开汛第一场暴雨。利用天气学原理、参考云图以及其它物理量对这次暖区特大暴雨进行分析，发现南支小槽、西南低空急流和地面风场辐合是形成这次暖区特大暴雨的主要原因。     

中尺度涡旋的雷达探测和分析

应用单部多普勒天气雷达观测资料对出现在京津冀地区的中尺度涡旋进行了分析，分析结果表明:发展较强的中小尺度天气系统往往与风场的旋转或辐合辐散有关，气旋性涡度场对积云对流活动有明显的组织和增强作用，是降雨增强的一种判据。     

民航上海多普勒雷达风场反演UW方法的试验

介绍一种实用的单多普勒雷达风场反演方法－UW技术，并以民航上海气象中心多普勒雷达资料的试验结果作简单验证。     

威宁2001年9月17日强雷雨过程分析

从天气形势、本站前兆信息、高空风场、不稳定总能量等方面对2001年9月17日傍晚至夜间的强雷雨过程进行分析，得到强雷雨天气预报的一些启示。