三线阵CCD卫星影像的模拟研究

在讨论从给定的DEM和相应的正射影像模拟三线阵CCD卫星影像的原理和方法的基础上,通过模拟影像考察两种卫星影像近似核线的适应能力和地球自转效应对同轨立体成像能力的影响,并讨论了从DEM和正射影像确定投影中心轨迹、姿态模拟、共线方程和影像生成等细节。通过试验验证了模拟影像的正确性,揭示了两种核线定义存在的问题及其改进方法     

The Ultimate CCD for Laser Guide Star Wavefront Sensing on Extremely Large Telescopes

All of the extremely large telescopes (ELTs) will utilize sodium laser guide star (LGS) adaptive optics (AO) systems. Most of these telescopes plan to use the Shack-Hartmann approach for wavefront sensing. In these AO systems, the laser spots in subapertures at the edge of the pupil will suffer from spot elongation due to the 10 km extent of the sodium layer and the large separation from the projection laser. This spot elongation will severely degrade the performance of standard geometry wavefront sensing systems. In this paper, we present a CCD with custom pixel morphology that aligns the pixels of each subaperture with the radial extension of the LGS spot. This CCD design will give better performance than a standard geometry CCDs for continuous wave lasers. In addition, this CCD design is optimal for a pulsed sodium laser. The pixel geometry enables each subaperture to follow a laser pulse traversing the sodium layer, providing optimal sampling of a limited number of detected photons. In addition to novel pixel layout, this CCD will also incorporate experimental JFET sense amplifiers and use CMOS design approaches to simplify the routing of biases, clocks and video output. This CCD will attain photon-noise limited performance at high frame rates, and is being incorporated in the plans for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT).     

视频CCD在天体定位应用中的两个问题

本文简要提出了视频ＣＣＤ在天体定位方面的两个问题；比例尺和定位精度的问题。并提出了两个确定比例尺的方法。本文认为影响比例尺和定位精度的主要因素是与所使用的图象板相关。     

应用商用CCD配备录像机进行天体定位的试验

本工作是为今后在1.2米望远镜上利用商用CCD配备录像机进行人卫快速精密定位观测所做的初步试验,其目的是在实验室里模拟检测商用CCD配备录像机后对星像的绝对及相对定位精度。通过使用不同图像板及录像带在不同幅度的CCD视频信号情况下的分组试验,得到了满足人卫观测的结果,CCD对绝对位置及相对位置的定位误差均小于±0.5个象元。本文还对误差产生的原因进行了初步分析。     

基于landsat 8-OLI/TIRS和HJ-1B太湖叶绿素含量和温度反演研究

水体的表面温度是研究环境气候变化的一个重要参数,同时,也是研究生物物理过程的一个不可或缺的因子。卫星遥感对大面积水体表面温度的监测有着传统的测量手段无法比拟的效率。水体表面的温度变化不仅对水中生物的生存有着重要的意义,同时,水温的变化也常常会导致水中浮游生物和植物疯长,进而引起水资源的污染,对人们的生活造成严重的影响。本文利用ENVI/IDL 5.1对Landsat 8卫星的OLI/TIRS数据和HJ-1CCD多光谱数据在太湖水体区域开展了其在温度反演和叶绿素含量的监测等领域的研究。研究结果表明:1)使用HJ_1B反演的结果和Landsat 8反演的结果呈现一致性。2)通过实测的数据和反演数据建立了模型并通过同名点实测数据对实验结果进行了验证,证明了建立的模型的可靠性,找到了误差来源。最后分析了造成叶绿素含量较高的原因及反演的难点。     

Optical Observations of the Nearby Isolated Pulsar PSR 0656+14 at the SAO 6-meter Telescope.

BVR data for the middle-aged radio pulsar PSR 0656+14 obtained on January 20-21, 1996 at the 6-m telescope of the Special Astrophysical Observatory are presented. The brightness of a star-like object coincident with the position of the VLA radio source in the Cousins B filter is B 25.1, with eff = 4448Å, adjacent to the HST F130LP long-pass filter. The relatively large V and R fluxes (3 or > 10-30 ergs cm-2 s-2 Hz-1) provide evidence that the optical emission of this pulsar is non-thermal up to 6600 Å. Most probably, in the UV-optical (BVR) spectral range, a power-law spectrum is super-imposed on the thermal-like emission of the neutron star surface, which could be related to the mechanism of the pulsar activity itself.     

HJ-1卫星CCD影像的土地利用自动分类及精度分析——以广西钦北区为例

为研究环境一号小卫星影像在土地利用研究领域的应用潜能,本文以广西钦北区为例,对其进行计算机监督分类,在评定监督分类模板精度的前提下,参照第二次全国土地调查农村数据库,对计算机监督分类结果进行精度评定,最后利用计算机自动地将分类结果发送到实地进行野外验证,并对分类的结果进行全面、准确的评价,以此证明提升环境一号CCD影像自动分类精度和准确度能满足土地利用现状调查的要求。     

Quantification winter wheat LAI with HJ-1CCD image features over multiple growing seasons

Remote sensing images are widely used to map leaf area index (LAI) continuously over landscape. The objective of this study is to explore the ideal image features from Chinese HJ-1 A/B CCD images for estimating winter wheat LAI in Beijing. Image features were extracted from such images over four seasons of winter wheat growth, including five vegetation indices (VIs), principal components (PC), tasseled cap transformations (TCT) and texture parameters. The LAI was significantly correlated with the near-infrared reflectance band, five VIs [normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), modified nonlinear vegetation index (MNLI), optimization of soil-adjusted vegetation index, and ratio vegetation index], the first principal component (PC1) and the second TCT component (TCT2). However, these image features cannot significantly improve the estimation accuracy of winter wheat LAI in conjunction with eight texture measures. To determine the few ideal features with the best estimation accuracy, partial least squares regression (PLSR) and variable importance in projection (VIP) were applied to predict LAI values. Four remote sensing features (TCT2, PC1, MNLI and EVI) were chosen based on VIP values. The result of leave-one-out cross-validation demonstrated that the PLSR model based on these four features produced better result than the ten features’ model, throughout the whole growing season. The results of this study suggest that selecting a few ideal image features is sufficient for LAI estimation.     

基于光谱阈值法和分裂合并聚类算法的“HY-1A”CCD云检测算法和应用

“海洋1号A”卫星(简称“HY-1A”)是我国第一颗海洋卫星,它搭载了水色扫描仪和CCD成像仪,其中CCD成像仪主要应用于海岸带地区.为了对海岸带地区进行准确的信息提取和分析,必须去除云的影响和干扰,因此本文针对“HY-1A”CCD数据的特点,对云检测算法进行了评估、遴选和改造,实现了业务化应用,这也是“HY-1A”卫星CCD成像仪海岸带应用示范系统的重要工作之一.云检测的方法众多,主要可以分为可见光/红外阈值法和聚类法两种,每种方法还可以辅以空间均匀性判识.     

我国“海洋1”号卫星(HY-1)CCD图像数据定量化条带消除研究

条带(striping)对于大量的航天和航空传感器来说是一种普遍存在的现象,任何使用多个探测器进行数据获取的遥感器图像数据中均存在条带.目前消除条带的算法主要是针对光机扫描仪,对于CCD相机工作做得比较少.针对HY-1CCD线阵推扫式多光谱相机的特点,以及发射前辐射定标的结果,对遥感器图像数据中的条带问题进行了预研,提出了一种定量化的消条带算法.该方法根据卫星数据特性求出各探测器间的均衡化曲线以反映探测器之间的差异,并据此来消除条带.实验结果表明该方法能够有效解决CCD相机的条带问题,而且可以保持数据原有的物理意义,并可与在轨辐射校正衔接,保证发射前后定标算法的一致性.