0920号超强台风“卢碧”引起的强海上大气波导成因分析与数值模拟研究

基于中国台湾地区主持的侵台台风之飞机侦察及下投式探空仪观测实验（Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region,DOTSTAR）获得的高分辨率下投式探空仪探测资料,分析了2003年9月—2012年8月所有发生在中国台湾地区附近海域的台风型大气波导事件,遴选出一次由0920号超强台风“卢碧”引起的强台风型海上大气波导过程作为研究对象。利用欧洲中期数值预报中心（ECMWF）再分析资料（水平分辨率0.125°×0.125°）,对此次波导的生成原因进行了分析;基于WRF模式比较了不同初始化方法对台风强度、尺度和周围台风型大气波导的模拟能力。结果表明,此次强台风型大气波导发生在台风环流西北侧外围的弱下沉运动区,其形成与850 hPa高度附近北方强干空气平流导致湿度随高度锐减密切相关。在数值模拟中运用台风动力初始化方法,可以有效改进台风强度、路径和尺度的模拟效果,进而有利于改善台风型大气波导尤其是波导层所在高度的模拟效果。台风外围出现的大气波导通常以悬空波导为主,模拟效果与台风螺旋雨带和内核尺度的模拟关系密切,而与台风强度和眼墙结构关系不大。中尺度数值模式WRF具有模拟台风型大气波导的能力,是研究台风型大气波导的有力手段。      

Multi-scale Incremental Analysis Update Scheme and Its Application to Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) Prediction

In the traditional incremental analysis update(IAU) process, all analysis increments are treated as constant forcing in a model’s prognostic equations over a certain time window. This approach effectively reduces high-frequency oscillations introduced by data assimilation. However, as different scales of increments have unique evolutionary speeds and life histories in a numerical model, the traditional IAU scheme cannot fully meet the requirements of short-term forecasting for the damping of hig...     

Failures Associated with the 2004 Mindulle Typhoon in Taiwan

On July 2, 2004, a 2000-km southwest air current following the Mindulle Typhoon caused serious damages to infrastructures in Taiwan. The disaster resulted in extensive geological and structural failures, mainly as a result of debris flow. Some of the sites were subjected to types of repeated failures compared to previous typhoons. Some structural failures were attributed to geotechnical failures. It is decided to document and identify causes for some of these major failures triggered by typhoons. The case history showed significant implications to future disaster prevention and management works. New challenges were posed in geotechnical engineering design in encountering rainfall-induced failures.     

台风“威马逊”近海加强及引发广西异常暴雨分析

利用MICAPS常规资料、中尺度自动站资料以及NCEP、ECMWF等数值预报产品资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对1409号超强台风"威马逊"近海加强、造成广西异常暴雨的成因进行分析。结果表明:1"威马逊"经过的海域温度异常偏高,西南季风急流增强,以及垂直风切变小,有利于"威马逊"近海加强;2"威马逊"与季风急流在海南文昌近海相遇,促使台风中心附近潜热能持续增大,暖心结构更趋于完整,是"威马逊"强度突然加强的重要原因;3充沛的水汽输送和水汽辐合、强烈的上升运动是造成"威马逊"异常暴雨的重要原因。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE MAINTENANCE AND INCREASE IN HEAVY RAINFALL OF THE LANDING TROPICAL STORM BILIS AND MOISTURE TRANSPORT FROM LOWER LATITUDES

The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) tropical cyclone tracks and intensive surface observations are used to diagnose the features of moisture transport of tropical storm Bilis(No. 0604), which is simulated by the WRF(weather research and forecasting) mesoscale numerical model. It is shown that the Bilis was linked with the moisture channel in the lower latitudes after its landing. Meanwhile, the cross-equatorial flows over 80°-100°E and Somali were active and brought abundant water vapor into the tropical storm, facilitating the maintenance of the landing storm with intensified heavy rainfall along its path. The simulation suggested that the decreased water vapor from lower latitudes prevents the maintenance of Bilis and the development of rainfall. While the cross-equatorial flows over 80°-100°E and Somali were in favor of keeping the cyclonic circulation over land. If the moisture supply fro m the Somali jet stream was reduced, the strength and area of heavy rainfall in tropical cyclone would be remarkably weakened. Consequently, the decreased water vapor from lower latitudes can remarkably suppress the deep convection in tropical storm, then Bilis was damped without the persistent energy support and the rainfall was diminished accordingly.     

台湾岛地形对“麦德姆”台风的影响

采用WRF模式,以2014年10号台风"麦德姆"为例,针对台湾岛中央山脉的局部地形,设计精细化地形试验,数值模拟了"麦德姆"台风登陆台湾岛前后地形对其路径、强度及风雨分布的影响。研究结果表明:真实的地形能更好的模拟和再现"麦德姆"台风发生发展的过程;台湾岛中央山脉地形对登岛"麦德姆"台风的路径有实质性的影响,降低台湾地形高度试验导致台风路径向西南偏转,而提高台湾岛地形高度则导致台风路径向东北偏转,地形高度改变的程度与路径偏转程度成正相关,地形高度改变所导致阻挡效应及台风环流与大尺度环流的相互作用是导致路径偏转的主要原因;台湾岛地形高度的改变对台风强度有明显的影响,增加或减少台湾岛地形高度,都会使台风强度有所减弱,这与地形变化引起的动力狭管效应、云水物质分布及外围云带的对流运动有关;台湾岛地形影响"麦德姆"台风降水的机制更为复杂,其不仅与地形引发的台风强度及结构变化有关,更与地形引起的眼区对流活动和螺旋云带及外围云系的时空分布有关。     

厦门近岸定点降水的化学组成及来源分析——2006年7月14日热带风暴“碧利斯”影响厦门期间

随着工农业生产的快速发展,大量污染物通过各种途经进入大气层,而降雨的冲刷则是大气中污染物和其他营养物输入海洋的重要途经[1~8].因此研究台风降雨的化学特征对近海养殖、渔业、环境保护等具有特别重要的意义.     

海面水温与台风关系的分形分析

本文用分形方法分析了西北太平洋５３个坐标点１９４９－１９７５年多年逐月平均海面水温资料，结果表明西北太平洋逐月平均海面水温呈分形分布，而且其分维数Ｄ与台风总数有关，即Ｄ值高的月份台风总数也多。     

海湾内台风波浪的分析

海湾内台风波浪的计算合理与否，直接影响互海洋工程所需的设计波浪参数的精确度及施工和使用期间的安全及合理造价。本文通过对广东省两个不同海湾内不同位置台风波浪计算实例的剖析，说明在特定地理条件下，波能变化的复杂性，并分析了具体的地理位置，不同的湾风台风波浪具有的不同变化特征。     

A method to predict typhoon waves

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