基于GAM模型分析印度洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场分布与不同环境因子关系

印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓渔业作为我国重要的远洋渔业之一,探究其渔场时空变动及与环境因子之间的关系十分必要。本文根据2016年1—6月收集的印度洋金枪鱼渔业生产数据,并结合卫星遥感获取的环境因子数据,运用ArcGIS和GAM模型分析了印度洋大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场时空变动及与环境因子之间的关系。研究结果表明:大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼1—6月CPUE均呈现先减小后增加的趋势,4月均达最高值,分别为2.45尾/千钩和3.56尾/千钩,各月CPUE均存在显著性差异（P<0.001）;大眼金枪鱼和黄鳍金枪鱼渔场时空变动基本趋于一致,均为先向东北移动,后向西北移动,最后再向东北移动的趋势;GAM模型分析显示,大眼金枪鱼CPUE与模型因子的解释率为32.1%,纬度和250 m水深温度影响最显著,黄鳍金枪鱼CPUE与模型因子的解释率为37.2%,200 m水深温度影响最显著;协同分析表明,1—6月,印度洋金枪鱼延绳钓中心渔场分布于1°S~9.5°N,47°~64°E,且海表温度在29.3~30.8℃的海域。     

基于贝叶斯分类器的南海黄鳍金枪鱼渔场预报模型

本文利用来自中西太平洋渔业委员会(WCPFC)黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓2000-2011年的历史渔获数据和美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)气候预报中心提供的海表温度最优插值数据和法国空间局(CNES)卫星海洋数据中心提供的多卫星融合高度计月合成海面高度资料,基于贝叶斯分类器,根据模型中环境因子的选取以及渔区分类策略的不同预拟了8种构建方案对2011年南海外海黄鳍金枪鱼的渔场进行分类预报,并将预报结果与实际渔场进行对比检验,比较分析不同方案对最终分类结果和精度的影响。检验结果表明,方案1-8总体精度分别为71.4%、75%、70.8%、74.4%、66.7%、68.5%、57.7%和63.7%。方案1-6在65%以上,均能够满足实际渔场预报业务化需求。采用SST和SSH双环境因子的方案均比采用单SST环境因子的方案总体精度稍高,一定程度上提高了预报精度,其中采用去除SST和SSH相关性的第一主分量作为预报因子的方案2达到了75%最高精度。采用CPUE平均值正负标准差作为节点比以33.3%与66.7%作为节点来区分高、中、低CPUE渔区的预报结果要更加准确。因此在模型筛选的基础上,选用模型方案2完成南海金枪鱼渔场渔情预报服务系统的系统实现。     

区域性温血金枪鱼的生理学特征研究进展

金枪鱼体型庞大,游泳速度快,是海洋中的顶级捕食者,且具有很高的营养价值和经济价值,对全球渔业具有重要意义。由于具备独特的温血能力、发达的视觉系统、较高的基础代谢率,金枪鱼拥有特殊的生活习性和热生态位。为此,本文从温血产热机制、逆流热交换血管网、心脏耐寒性能、视觉系统和生长模式等5个方面对金枪鱼相关的生理学研究现状进行了综述。在此基础上,本文讨论了金枪鱼生理特征与环境适应性、热生态位和营养生态位之间的密切联系。最后,本文提出了金枪鱼生物信息学研究的建议和需要进一步考虑的问题。     

Planning the use of fish for food security in the Pacific

Fish is a mainstay of food security for Pacific island countries and territories (PICTs). Recent household income and expenditure surveys, and socio-economic surveys, demonstrate that subsistence fishing still provides the great majority of dietary animal protein in the region. Forecasts of the fish required in 2030 to meet recommended per capita fish consumption, or to maintain current consumption, indicate that even well-managed coastal fisheries will only be able to meet the demand in 6 of 22 PICTs. Governments of many PICTs will need to increase local access to tuna, and develop small-pond aquaculture, to provide food security. Diversifying the supply of fish will also make rural households in the Pacific more resilient to natural disasters, social and political instability, and the uncertainty of climate change.     

应用水温数据对印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼亲体-补充量Ricker模型的扩展

海洋环境是影响印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)资源量的重要原因之一。本文根据1960-2002年印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼亲体-补充量数据,基于以0~40m海水垂直平均温度(Verticalaverage sea temperature,VAST)为代表的环境因子对Ricker式亲体补充量模型进行了优化。分析表明,印度洋4月0~5°N、80°E~85°E,5月、6月0~5°N、45°E~50°E,7月、8月5°N-10°N、90°E-95°E,12月5°N-10°N、70°E-75°E等海域的VAST对印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼的补充量影响最为显著,加入这些VAST环境因子的Ricker模型,其AIC(Akaike information criterion)值明显降低,拟合效果得到明显提高,这表明水温等环境因子对黄鳍金枪鱼的种群补偿过程产生了干扰。     

Reproductive biology of yellowfin tuna T. albacares in the west-central Indian Ocean

Survey of yellowfin tuna in the west-central Indian Ocean was conducted on board of Chinese longliners during 2003, 2004 and 2005, which is a part of Chinese Tuna Fishery Scientific Observer Program (CTFSOP). The reproductive biology has been investigated. A total of 1 023 samples are collected including 417 ovaries and 606 testes. Spawning activities of yellowfin tuna have been studied for both male and female from January to June. The data showed that the average monthly sex ratio is 0.59, and the minimum length at sexual maturity is 101 cm for female and 110 cm for male respectively. Length at 50% sexual maturity is estimated at 113.77 cm for female and 120.20 cm for male, whereas maturation rate is 0.066 cm⁻¹ for female and 0.091 cm⁻¹ for male. Sex ratio by length class indicates that the proportion of male is higher than female’s along with size increasing; for instance, in the group of the body length longer than 145 cm, some females have their body length from 145 to 160 cm and males have their body length at 160 cm and even longer. Statistically, yellowfin tuna has a significant seasonal reproduction.     

黄鳍金枪鱼酶解物免疫活性及其氨基酸分析

本文旨在研究黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)碎肉中4种不同蛋白酶酶解物的3k Da超滤组分对RAW264.7细胞的免疫活性。以RAW264.7细胞为实验模型, 采用噻唑蓝比色法检测细胞增殖活性, 中性红吞噬实验检测细胞吞噬能力, Griess试剂检测细胞培养上清液中NO含量, 并分析酶解物氨基酸组成和分子量分布。实验结果表明, 胰蛋白酶酶解物在12.5~200μg·mL^-1范围内无明显细胞毒性, 能增强RAW264.7细胞吞噬能力, 浓度为400μg·mL^-1时达到最大值132.50%(P<0.01), 浓度在50~200μg·mL^-1范围内能促进巨噬细胞NO释放(P<0.01), 且NO释放量与酶解液浓度存在一定的量效关系; 胰蛋白酶酶解物中必需氨基酸(essential amino acid, EAA)含量最高, 为51.09%, 其碱性氨基酸组氨酸、赖氨酸和精氨酸的含量分别为11.59%、11.00%和6.90%, 均高于其他蛋白酶酶解物, 并且分子量小于1k Da的小肽含量高达97.48%。研究结果表明, 4种蛋白酶酶解物中, 黄鳍金枪鱼碎肉胰蛋白酶酶解物的3k Da组分具有较明显的免疫活性, 这为其作为免疫活性肽的开发利用提供了理论依据。     

The irony and the exclusivity of Atlantic bluefin tuna management

The eastern stock of Atlantic bluefin tuna (thunnus thynnus) was recently nominated for protection under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). That nomination failed, which leaves management of the heavily overfished stock in the hands of the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT). This paper reviews the history of ICCAT management of Atlantic bluefin tuna to show that (1) early elimination of competitive forces prevented agreement on management in keeping with scientific advice, resulting in the steep decline of the stock, (2) even just the threat of a CITES listing can provide temporary impetus for marked improvement in ICCAT management, and (3) long-term sustainable management by ICCAT will require continued economic and political pressure.     

瓦努阿图周边海域长鳍金枪鱼渔场分布及其与表温关系

海表温(SST)是影响渔场的重要环境因子.根据2008年我国冰鲜金枪鱼延绳钓船在瓦努阿图周边海域的生产统计数据,结合卫星遥感获得的SST资料,分析了长鳍金枪鱼各月渔场时空分布及其与SST的关系.K-S检验表明,长鳍金枪鱼渔场形成与SST关系密切.     

Using data-limited approaches to assess data-rich Indian Ocean bigeye tuna: Data quantity evaluation and critical information for management implications

The majority of fishery stocks in the world are data limited, which limits formal stock assessments. Identifying the impacts of input data on stock assessment is critical for improving stock assessment and developing precautionary management strategies. We compare catch advice obtained from applications of various datalimited methods(DLMs) with forecasted catch advice from existing data-rich stock assessment models for the Indian Ocean bigeye tuna(Thunnus obesus). Our goal was to evaluate the co...