Analysis of bromate and bromide in drinking water by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

A method for the detection of bromate and bromide in drinking water by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (IC-ICP-MS) was developed. The optimized conditions of IC including pH and concentration of the effluent were studied. The results showed that the above two species of bromine were baseline separated within nine minutes under the optimized conditions. The detection limits (S/N=3) of bromate and bromide were 0.23 and 0.12 μg/L, respectively. The RSD (n=6) of the peak areas was 1.2%-3.5%. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of the type bromide in drinking water samples. The recoveries were 95%-109%. The method can be used for the regular analysis of bromate and bromide in real drinking water samples.     

边坡可靠性与经济风险性分析及其应用

本文在边坡渐进破坏可靠性分析的基本原理和计算方法基础上 ,分析了影响边坡渐进破坏的主要因素 ,对白云鄂博铁矿的主矿边坡进行了二维渐进破坏可靠性计算 ;然后围绕边坡方案的可靠性分析结果 ,把经济决策理论引入边坡的经济分析中 ,结合边坡工程具体特点对边坡进行了投资效益风险性分析。     

Measuring multifractality in seismic sequences

We investigated the multifractal structure of the interevent times between successive earthquakes that occurred in Umbria-Marche, which is one of the most seismically active areas of central Italy. We used the Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (MF-DFA), which permits detection of multifractality in nonstationary series. Analyzing the time evolution of the multifractal behaviour of the seismic sequence, a loss of multifractality during the aftershocks is revealed.     

屯1井差应变分析法地应力测量

介绍了差应变分析法(DSA)原地应力测量技术原理,并采用此法对河南省洛阳—伊川盆地屯1井岩样进行了测试,结果显示该井1153.4～1167.8 m处最大水平主应力为北西向(141°—157°),与钻孔崩落椭圆长轴方位统计得到的最大水平主应力方向一致;最大水平应力数值小于铅直应力,属于正断层应力状态;主应力随深度线性增大。对该区域注采井网布局给出了建议,即本区注采井网布设应避免与141°—157°方向平行。     

江西"98.6"连续大暴雨过程特征成因分析

1998年6月江西特大降水过程的环流特征与历年重大连续暴雨过程不同,500hPa形势对连续暴雨的形成并不很有利,但是,强盛的中低层西南急流、穗定的中低层切交、经常存在的地面辐合线为这次降水提供了有利条件,在这样的条件下,降水的热力作用非常突出。     

陆面热力因子应用于中国夏季降水预测的初步试验

基于对中国东部夏季降水与欧亚大陆土壤温度和全球海表温度的相关分析,选取不同关键区的土壤温度和海表温度作为夏季降水的预测因子。利用1961-1990年的资料,分别以土壤温度作为第1组预测因子,海表温度作为第2组预测因子,综合海表温度与土壤温度因子作为第3组预测因子,使用改进的典型相关分析和集合典型相关分析法对中国东部夏季降水场进行预测,建立了相应的预测模型。然后,利用1991—2010年的资料进行了独立样本预测试验。在独立样本预测试验中,综合海表温度与土壤温度因子建立的模型比只用海表温度进行预测的各项预测评分高,说明加入土壤温度因子后预测效果有所提高。基于陆面热力因子的预测模型对夏季降水有一定的技巧,而综合海温与陆面热力因子的预测模型对中国东部夏季降水有较高的预测能力。     

Targeting areas for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) projects in Tanzania

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) has gained momentum as a climate mitigation strategy that can be implemented at multiple scales. Sub-nationally, REDD+ projects that aim to capture carbon funding are implemented throughout tropical countries. A spatial targeting approach for optimal REDD+ project landscape is demonstrated using Tanzania as an example. This study used GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis to identify potential areas for REDD+ projects development incorporating different combinations of criteria. The first approach, efficient targeting, focuses on areas with high forest carbon content, high deforestation risk and low opportunity cost. The second approach, co-benefits targeting, aims at areas with high biodiversity and high poverty rate on top of criteria in efficient targeting. The resulting suitability maps displays areas of high, medium and low suitability for future REDD+ projects development based on the targeting approaches. Locations of current REDD+ projects in Tanzania were also overlaid with suitability map to visually inspect how they match up. This approach allows decision-makers to prioritize preferences for various site-selection criteria and make informed decisions about REDD+ projects locations.     

2003.6.25南昌特大暴雨分析及模拟研究

对2003年6月25日南昌特大暴雨的环流形势、部分物理量作初步成因分析,并在不同初始边界条件下分析其模拟结果,力图对模式改进和预报特大暴雨的着眼点提出一些初步的想法。     

2016年北京地区一次雷暴大风的观测研究

利用常规气象观测资料、风廓线资料、北京观象台多普勒天气雷达产品、多普勒雷达变分同化分析系统（VDRAS）的反演资料和地面自动气象站客观分析资料,对2016年7月27日北京地区出现的一次雷暴大风天气的环境条件特征、风暴结构特征及演变机制进行了分析。结果显示：本次雷暴大风天气过程出现在弱天气尺度强迫环境中,较好的热力不稳定增强机制促使线状对流发展为弓形回波,形成雷暴大风天气。探空曲线中低层接近于干绝热的环境温度直减率和下沉对流有效位能突增等现象,对预报大风天气有较好的指示意义。上游雷暴的冷池出流与山前偏南暖湿气流在北京西部形成了明显的风向辐合,在强烈的扰动温度梯度和地形抬升的共同作用下,位于地面辐合抬升最强处触发新生单体并迅速发展。新生单体与风暴主体合并下山过程中,由于地形作用抬升了冷池出流高度,与平原地区偏南暖湿气流形成显著的不稳定层结,产生显著的扰动温度梯度,触发不稳定能量使雷暴在下山过程中强度增强。多普勒雷达产品上也表现为强的反射率因子核,并出现回波悬垂和有界弱回波区等特征,速度产品上可看到一对明显的端点涡旋。在冷池不断加强和端点涡旋对后入气流不断加速的共同作用下,后侧入流气流加强成为后侧入流急流,在低仰角速度产品上表现为显著的大风区。后侧入流气流将环境中的干冷空气夹卷进入云体,通过蒸发作用产生负浮力,使冷空气加速下沉,加之降水粒子的拖曳作用,最终造成剧烈的地面大风。     

全球环境基金第七增资期政策分析与预测

根据全球环境基金(GEF)已公布的改革方案和增资谈判进程,结合当前国际政治经济形势,分析预测了GEF第七增资期(2018年7月至2022年6月)资金规模与规划改革方向。预计GEF-7资金规模较大可能在41亿~44亿美元之间,比上期减少0~7.5%。同时,GEF改革将继续向实现全球环境效益最大化、降低新兴发展中国家受援资金量、提高对最不发达国家资金支持、吸引私营部门参与及完善治理结构等方向纵深推进。作为GEF最大受援国和发展捐资国,尽管中国在GEF-7仍将保持受援国地位,但受GEF政策改革影响,即使在GEF-7增资规模与上期持平的情景下,中国国别资金分配量预计也将在GEF-6的基础上下调至1.43亿~1.59亿美元,同时未来中国在GEF资金规划、项目设计、捐资规模等方面亦须做出相应调整。为不断提升与GEF合作水平及效果,当前阶段中国宜在密切跟踪并积极参与GEF-7增资谈判进程的基础上,统筹考虑、提前谋划、综合研究,推动GEF改革向符合中国及广大发展中国家利益的方向发展。