Biosorption of Procion Red MX 5B by Bacillus subtilis and Its Extracellular Polysaccharide: Effect of Immobilization

Bacillus subtilis and its extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) were used in free form as well as immobilized form as biosorbent for the removal of an anionic dye Procion Red MX 5B. Low pH was favourable for biosorption. Immobilization resulted in reduced biosorption of the dye. The presence of functional groups responsible for the high adsorption capacity in free cells (FC) and EPS was confirmed by FTIR analysis. High Q_max and b values were noted in the case of FC and free EPS in contrast to immobilized cells and EPS. The kinetics data showed that the adsorption system followed pseudo‐first‐order reaction at low dye concentration. Desorption of the dye was found to be 100% in 1 N NaOH. In the case of immobilized biomass and EPS the alginate was found to be unstable under high alkaline conditions of NaOH.     

坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)16S—23S rDNA 间区的克隆及多态性分析

采用16S和23SrDNA保守区设计的引物对两株坚强芽孢杆菌(Bacillus firmus)16S—23SrDNA间区(Intergenic spacer region,ISR)进行了PCR扩增,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上进行测序;利用生物信息学进行了16S—23SrDNA间区序列及其内所含tRNA基因的分析。2株坚强芽孢杆菌共得到11条16S—23SrDNA间区特征区带(包括300、400、500和600bp等)序列,ISR类型包括ISR0、ISRG、ISRIA和ISRGLV四种,其中ISR0、ISRG和ISRIA可能在坚强芽孢杆菌中普遍存在。相同类型的ISR序列具有较高的相似性(达52.2%—100.0%),而不同类型的ISR序列间差异较大。此外,ISR序列在靠近16S和23S区域存在不同长度的保守区域,可能成为针对坚强芽孢杆菌特异性检测的引物和探针的靶区,这也为坚强芽孢杆菌新的检测方法的建立奠定了基础。坚强芽孢杆菌的16S—23SrDNA间区序列及其多态性分析均为首次报道。     

A geomicrobiological study of soils collected from auriferous areas of Argentina

Geomicrobial and geochemical studies were carried out in Argentina (Patagonia, Chubut Province) on four Au and polymetallic sulfide vein-type deposits. A horizon soils were analyzed for Bacillus reacting to lecithin [Bacillus L.(+)], Au and 12 additional elements. In two of the four sampling sites, exhibiting known and relatively simple mineralized structures, Bacillus L.(+) populations are clearly related to Au, As, Pb, Zn, Cu-sulfide mineralization. In areas containing more complex mineralized structures, the spatial relationship between Bacillus L.(+) and metals in the A horizon is more difficult to interpret. Results of a factor analysis performed on all analytical data (n = 130) suggest a partial relationship between Bacillus L.(+) and Au-As-Y pedochemical associations located above known Au mineralization. Bacillus L.(+) was first analyzed in Argentina in December 1994 and re-analyzed in Belgium five to seven months later. Most of the Bacillus contents (85%) of the Belgian tests are higher than those determined in Argentina. The present results and data of a previous study in Mexico (Melchior et al., 1994a; Melchior et al., 1994b) suggest that this may be the result of temperature variations during sample storage between periods of microbial analysis. From a strictly analytical point of view, the geomicrobial method is not an accurate, reproducible technique. However, Bacillus L.(+) can be used as a microbiological indicator of Au and polymetallic mineralization at a reconnaissance-level regional survey. At a local scale, this microbiological tool should be combined with classical exploration techniques such as soil geochemistry. It is recommended that the collection of all A horizon samples (for microbial study) should be accompanied by B or C horizon soils (for potential geochemical study, after prioritizing targets) so that a second field sampling program does not have to be undertaken.     

Study on the Flocculability of Metal Ions by Bacillus Mucilaginosus GY03 Strain

Inrecentyears,withtherapiddevelopmentofindustrialeconomy ,wastewaterisdischargedinhugevolumeandtheaccumulationofheavymetalionsinsoilsandwatersourcesisspeededuprapidly .Asaresult,waterpollutionhasbecomeadailydeterioratingproblem .Heavymetalsareeasytoenterthefoodchain ,therebyconstitutingagreatthreattothehealthofanimalsandhu manbeings .Therefore,howtoeffectivelyhandleheavymetalpollutionhasbecomeacommonat tractionformankind .Theroutineheavymetaltreatmentmethodsaremainlythechemical,phys icalandphy…     

生防细菌K2-1对大菱鲆病原菌的抑制作用及其抗菌特性分析

为探讨生防细菌应用于水产养殖动物细菌病防治的可行性,作者从厦门市海沧港口污泥中筛选到一株蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)K2-1,利用琼脂扩散法发现其发酵上清对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)养殖常见致病菌——副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)、爱德华氏菌(Edwardsiella)、哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)、嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)、溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus))有较强拮抗作用。进一步分析抗菌物质的部分特性,结果显示,蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)K2-1发酵产生的抗菌物质含有蛋白(肽)类成分,该抗菌物质具有一定的耐热性,其在温度40~70℃的条件下保持较好的抑菌效果,对酸碱度也有很强的耐受力,pH在3.0~9.0范围内,活性降低少于15%,对紫外线不敏感,对胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶也不敏感,但对蛋白酶K敏感。从实验结果可以初步确定该菌具有较好的开发价值。     

虾夷马粪海胆黑嘴病的初步研究

对虾夷马粪海胆“黑嘴病”进行了初步的研究。经分离、纯化后鉴定黑嘴病的病原菌为坚强芽孢杆菌 (BacillusfirmusBredemannetWarner)。同时报道了该菌为革兰氏阳性杆菌 ,大小为(0.6～0.7)μm×(0.8～1.0)μm。可在1%～7%NaCl中生长 ,最适盐度2～3 ;最适pH为7～8;生长温度为8～26℃ ,最适生长温度为15℃。该菌对磺胺甲基异恶唑、复方新诺明和头孢噻肟等抗生素敏感 ,可用之治疗     

芽孢杆菌菌剂在水产养殖中的应用初探

应用两种芽孢杆菌为主导菌,对养殖水体中各项水质因子进行控制和处理。结果表明,两种芽孢杆菌无论是与啤酒酵母菌混合发酵还是单独发酵后投加入养殖水体中水质各项指标均优于对照池,达到养殖水体良好水质水平,NH3-N,NO2--N,COD等污染物浓度分别大约降低了96.97%,87.78%,73.66%,显著改善了养殖水体水质,芽孢杆菌与啤酒酵母菌混合培养发酵液效果略好于芽孢杆菌单独发酵作用。     

Influence of Culture Conditions on Poly‐3‐Hydroxybutyrate Production by a Newly Isolated Bacillus cereus Y23

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), environmental friendly polyesters, can be produced by a wide range of microorganisms in nutrient‐limiting conditions. In the present study a new bacterial strain, able to produce high quantities of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB), is isolated from contaminated soil. The isolate is characterized and identified as Bacillus cereus Y23, based on morphological, physiological characteristics, and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. PHB production is evaluated using different carbon and nitrogen sources and nutritional and culture conditions are optimized. The highest PHB production of 5.12 g L^?1 was obtained in growth medium containing fructose and ammonium sulfate at a C/N ratio of 30, 0.3% yeast extract, 4.5 g L^?1 phosphate solution, pH 7, inoculum size of 0.3%, and agitation rate of 150 rpm after 48 h of incubation at 32 °C. The PHB production decrement can be attributed to the intracellular utilization of the polymer during the stationary phase of the cellular growth and to the sporulation process. The presence of the main functional groups of PHB polymer is verified by Fourier‐transform infrared analysis. At optimum conditions, B. cereus Y23 turned out to be a good candidate for industrial production of PHB since it accumulates up to 67.9% of its dry weight.     

应用芽孢杆菌调控虾池微生态的初步研究

监测了施用芽孢杆菌(Bacillussp.)后的养虾池水体和底泥总异养细菌和弧菌数量以及水体浮游微藻数量的变化,分析了应用芽孢杆菌对养殖环境微生态的影响。结果表明,芽孢杆菌对虾池水体的异养细菌和弧菌生长和繁殖具有一定的抑制作用,对底泥异养菌和弧菌具有一定的促进作用,能促进浮游微藻的平稳繁殖。芽胞杆菌通过这些作用抑制了水体中条件致病菌的繁殖,促进了虾池物质和能量的循环,有利于虾池的自我净化。     

降解聚乙烯塑料芽孢杆菌LC-2的分离鉴定及降解特性研究

塑料在环境中不断地积累,逐渐破碎成为尺寸小于5 mm的微塑料,对环境和人类健康构成严重威胁.本研究从青岛李村河口采集的塑料薄膜上分离出一株能够降解聚乙烯(PE)的细菌,命名为LC-2,通过分子生物学结合形态学和生理生化特征分析将其鉴定为芽孢杆菌(Bacillus aquimaris).在以PE为唯一碳源的液体培养基中,...