Study on the flocculability of metal ions by<Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus mucilaginosus</Emphasis> GY03 strain

This study deals with the flocculability of two types of metal ions by Bacillus macilaginosus GY03 Strain, with an emphasis on the influence of pH conditions, volume and time of flocculants produced by GY03 Strain on the adsorption of metal irons such as Pb^2 and Mn^2 and the capabilities of floceulants to adsorb metal ions of different concentrations. The results showed that microbial flocculants produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus GY03 Strain are highly capable of flocculating metal ions, but show different effectiveness with respect to the adsorption of Pb^2 and Mn^2 . In accordance with the experimental data and actual waste-water treatment conditions, the relevant regression equation of floeculation has been deduced, which has found some application in practice. The experimental results of this study demonstrated that microbial flocculants produced by Bacillus mucilaginosus can be used to treat metallic ion-containing waste water. In practical application the volume of microbial floceulants required and flocculation conditions should be taken into comprehensive consideration in accordance with the properties of metal ions, the composition of anions and the solubility of other metals, in combination with the cost and effectiveness of floceulants to be used. Floeeulant used in this experiment has the advantages of being applied over a wide range of pH values, small flocculant volume, and rapid speed of floeeulation. So this kind of flocculant is within excellent prospect of application.     

地衣芽孢杆菌De株之胞外产物对凡纳滨对虾淀粉酶活性影响的体外研究

试验以半透膜法收集地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)De株的胞外产物(extracellular products,ECP),以匀浆离心法提取凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)成虾的肝胰腺和肠道消化酶,将芽孢杆菌胞外产物和对虾消化酶按体积比10∶90混合,采用体外分析法研究在不同温度、pH及胞外产物添加量等条件下胞外产物对对虾淀粉酶活性的影响.试验共设A、B、C、D、E 5个试验组,每组三个平行.其中空白组A为地衣芽孢杆菌的胞外产物,试验组B、C组分别为添加了胞外产物的对虾肝胰腺消化酶、肠道消化酶,对照组D、E分别为未添加胞外产物的对虾肝胰腺消化酶和肠道消化酶样品.温度为20～40℃时试验组B、C的淀粉酶活性要明显高于对照组(p＜0.05),其中肝胰腺淀粉酶和肠道淀粉酶的活性分别提高了25.9%和19.3%,但该温度要远低于芽孢杆菌胞外淀粉酶的最适温度60～90℃.在pH为5～6时,试验组B、C的淀粉酶活性明显高于对照组(p＜0.05),对虾肝胰腺淀粉酶和肠道淀粉酶的活性分别较对照组提高了33.3%和122.2%,而该pH同样要低于芽孢杆菌胞外淀粉酶的最适pH值(6～9).此外,研究还表明试验组的淀粉酶活性随胞外产物添加量的升高而降低,即胞外产物在一定条件下可能抑制对虾内源淀粉酶的生物学活性.从本研究看,地衣芽孢杆菌胞外产物在一定程度上可促进对虾的淀粉酶活性,而当胞外产物活性高于0.02 U/mg蛋白质时,对虾淀粉酶活性将受到抑制.     

Screening and Characterization of Nitrite-Degrading Bacterial Isolates Using a Novel Culture Medium

In this study,a novel culture medium that simulates shrimp pond conditions was established to screen nitrite-degrading isolates.The medium was supplemented with nitrite as a nitrogen source and shrimp feed as the major carbon source,to achieve the high nitrogen and low carbon nutritional status found in shrimp farming ponds.Screening using this medium identified potent denitrifying Bacillus isolates,among which Bacillus subtilis M7-1 was considered best.M7-1 was able to completely degrade nitrite-N in 24 h without much consumption of dissolved oxygen.Efficient denitrification activity took place in liquid cultures within a set of non-stringent ranges of pH(5.0–9.0),salinity(0–30)and temperature(25–35℃).The denitrifying enzyme gene was amplified,sequenced and further identified as nirS type.In biosecurity assessments,M7-1 had no negative effects on shrimps at a dose of 106 cfu mL−1.M7-1 could therefore be used in aquaculture to reduce and control the nitrogen concentration,and to promote the development of sustainable and healthy culture systems.     

养殖场底泥中芽孢杆菌属细菌的生态学研究

对近海养殖场底泥细菌的研究 ,发现养殖池底泥中芽孢菌为优势菌群。应用形态学、生理生化和 16SrDNA序列测定 ,对芽孢杆菌属细菌做进一步分类的结果表明 ,该属细菌在底泥中的主要种群为蜡状芽孢杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌、坚强芽孢杆菌、Bacillusbaekryungensis等。同时 ,还分析了这些芽孢杆菌属细菌在底泥元素的地球化学循环中的作用 ,认为这类细菌应属于陆生微生物 ,在养殖环境中代谢有机化合物产生氨、亚硝酸盐和H2 S ,对养殖环境产生不利的作用和影响     

芽孢杆菌Cr23还原Cr6+的初步研究

硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate reduction bacteria)是一类在土壤或水体重金属污染生物修复中能够发挥重要作用的微生物类群。本实验采用摇瓶培养和还原率的测定方法,研究了一株采自海岸潮间带土壤的SRB芽孢杆菌还原Cr6+的效率及培养条件对其还原Cr6+效率的影响。结果显示该菌株可在Cr6+浓度600 mg/L条件下正常生长,300 mg/L浓度下的生长最佳,Cr6+还原率高达75%。培养液中的碳源、氮源和pH对该菌株的Cr6+还原率有显著影响,其中以乙酸钠或柠檬酸钠为碳源,硝酸钠为氮源的还原效率最高;初步结果显示,菌株Cr23是一株环境适应性和Cr6+还原能力较强的SRB,具可应用于土壤或水体铬污染修复的潜力。     

细菌和真菌对复合污染模拟废水的处理研究

本文利用胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)和黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)处理铜-苯酚(简称铜-酚)和镉-苯酚(简称镉-酚)这类有机-无机复合污染模拟废水,采用胶质芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉分别单独、联合或先后处理等5种方式,探讨了这两类菌体对复合污染模拟废水的处理效果及优化方法。结果表明,微生物对铜-酚废水的处理效果优于对镉-酚废水。对于铜-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中苯酚浓度为50~200 mg/L时,去除率可达80%以上,最高可达94.65%,其中铜的去除率较苯酚低;当模拟废水中铜浓度为30 mg/L时,可达最高去除率(60.02%)。微生物对镉-酚废水的处理表明,当废水中镉离子浓度为4 mg/L时,最高去除率为58.44%,苯酚的去除率一直保持在30%左右。     

深圳市电镀废水微生物处理初步研究

利用一株絮凝效果好的胶质芽胞杆菌所产的微生物絮凝剂进行了深圳市较具代表性电镀废水絮凝性实验。结果表明,微生物絮凝剂有较强的吸附作用,能降低电镀废水中重金属离子的浓度,对废水pH值有一定的调节作用。实验确定了处理综合电镀废水中重金属的条件,初步提出电镀废水的处理和回用工艺。     

水体中芽孢杆菌和微囊藻的生长及其资源竞争

以C、N、P为主要限制性因子研究了芽孢杆菌和微囊藻在水中的生长率 ,并据Monod方程了解种群增长率与营养浓度之间的关系 ,以判断藻菌资源竞争的结果。研究结果显示 ,氮浓度的升高或磷浓度的降低 ,即N/P比值的升高 ,有利于芽孢杆菌的生长 ;而当氮浓度一定时 ,C/N比值越高 ,芽孢杆菌生长得越好。而微囊藻作为一种自养的光合植物 ,其生长与水中的C源无关 ,与氮磷浓度有关。氮磷浓度越高则生长越好。在此研究结果基础上进行藻菌生长动态的比较表明 ,在氮限制条件下 ,微囊藻的生长率稍高于芽孢杆菌 ;在磷限制条件下 ,芽孢杆菌的生长率总是大大高于微囊藻的生长率     

Characterization of a bacteriocin-like substance produced from a novel isolated strain of Bacillus subtilis SLYY-3

In the present research, the strain SLYY-3 was isolated from sediments of Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. The strain SLYY-3, which produced a bacteriocin-like substance(BLS), was characterized to be a strain of Bacillus subtillis by biochemical profiling and 16 S r DNA sequence analysis. It is the first time to report that Bacillus subtilis from Jiaozhou Bay sediments could produce a BLS. The BLS of B. subtillis SLYY-3 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against gram-positive bacteria(including Staphylococcus aureus and B. subtillis) and some fungi(including Penicillium glaucum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). The antimicrobial activity was detected from culture in the exponential growth phase and reached its maximum when culture entered into stationary growth phase. It was thermo-tolerant even when being kept at 100℃ for 60 min without losing any activity and stable over a wide p H range from 1.0 to 12.0 while being inactivated by proteolytic enzyme and trypsin, indicating the proteinaceous nature of the BLS. The BLS was purified by precipitation with hydrochloric acid(HCl) and gel filteration(Sephadex G-100). SDS-PAGE analysis of the extracellular peptides of SLYY-3 revealed a bacteriocin-like protein with a molecular mass of 66 k Da. Altogether, these characteristics indicate the potential of the BLS for food industry as a protection against pathogenic and spoilage microorganisms.     

Effect of Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 supplemented in diets on growth performance and immune response of sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus)

The effect of a potential probiotic on the growth performance and immune response of sea cucumber(Apostichopus japonicus) was investigated. Bacillus baekryungensis YD13 isolated from sea cucumber culturing ponds was added to sea cucumber basal feed as a probiotic in different doses(0, the control; 1×104(YD134), 1×106(YD136) and 1×108(YD138) CFU g-1 of diet), and administered orally to A. japonicus(initial mean wet weight 5.44 g ± 0.17 g). The sea cucumbers were fed in 20 aquaria, 5 each treatment, for 60 d. At the end of growth trial, 20 sea cucumbers from each treatment were challenged with Vibrio splendidus. A. japonicus in YD134 and YD136 exhibited significantly better growth performance than control(P 0.05). Five non-specific immune parameters including lysozyme, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and catalase in coelomic fluid were measured to evaluate the immune response of A. japonicus to the probiotics. Results showed that all parameters were significantly improved when YD11 was supplemented in the dose of 1×106 CFU g-1(P 0.05). The cumulative incidence and mortality after the Vibrio splendidus challenge decreased significantly in sea cucumbers of YD136. Accordingly, 1×106 CFU g-1 of YD13 in diet was recommended for the growth promotion and immune enhancement of A. japonicus.