扬子地块北缘大型钡成矿带中硫同位素组成及其意义

钡以BaSO4形式存在的重晶石矿床在世界上分布广泛,但以BaCO3形式存在的毒重石矿床极为罕见。在扬子地块北缘大巴山一带的早古生代硅岩建造中,发育大量层状毒重石和重晶石矿床,两类矿床在空间上表现出既共生又分离的分布规律,构成世界上极为独特的大型钡成矿带。本文研究了钡成矿带中的硫同位素组成特点,结果显示,在以毒重石矿石为主的成矿亚带中,重晶石样品的δ^34S值相对较低,变化范围较小（22．1‰～37．0‰）,平均27．3‰（n=11）,基本上与寒武纪海水硫酸盐的δ^34S值（δ^34S=27～32‰）接近或略低。反映了形成重晶石的硫来自海水,并有可能经历了热化学的硫酸盐还原作用;与毒重石共生的重晶石形成与热液流体有密切关系。在以重晶石为主的成矿亚带中,重晶石样品的δ^34S值相对较高,变化范围较宽（33．4‰～57．6‰）,平均43．5‰（n=31）。与寒武纪海水硫酸盐δ^34S值相比发生了大的改变,反映了与同期海水硫酸盐相关的重硫的强烈富集。这种高正值特点超过了地史中海水硫酸盐的最高值,说明重晶石的形成与生物作用密切相关。强烈的重硫富集,归因于硫酸盐还原菌的活动。     

癌症与土壤环境中钡元素的关系

利用土壤环境中钡元素资料７６９ 个数据,癌死亡调查资料７８７ ０８０ 例,研究了胃癌、食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中钡元素的关系。结果表明,肺癌、大肠癌、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与钡元素有相关性,等级相关系数分别为－０．５７２４（ｐ ＜ ０ ．００１） ,０．３１０３（ｐ ＜ ０ ．０５） ,－ ０ ．４１７７（ｐ ＜ ０．０２５）,０ ．３７７３（ｐ ＜ ０．０２５）。     

Ba II lines as luminosity indicators: s-Cepheids and non-variable supergiants

Ba II line equivalent widths appear to be well correlated with the absolute magnitudes for yellow supergiants. Two Ba II lines 5853.6 Å and 6141.7 Å were applied for investigation of the possible relation between their equivalent widths and M_v for small-amplitude Cepheids and non-variable supergiants.     

渭河上游地区樊家城黄土-古土壤剖面Rb、Sr、Ba存留特征及意义

选择渭河上游樊家城全新世黄土-古土壤剖面为研究对象,对该剖面元素Rb、Sr、Ba含量和磁化率、粒度、CaCO₃进行了测定。结果表明：Rb、Sr、Ba含量及Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr比值与磁化率、粒度、CaCO₃含量显著相关,能够指示渭河上游地区全新世的气候变化。剖面中古土壤层的磁化率、黏粒、Rb/Sr、Ba/Sr以及元素Rb、Ba含量高于黄土层,CaCO₃、Sr含量小于黄土层,指示渭河上游地区古土壤层（S₀）形成时期主要受夏季风影响,气候温暖湿润,淋溶作用强,风化成壤作用强;而黄土层形成时期主要受冬季风影响,气候相对冷干,淋溶作用弱,风化成壤作用弱。在全新世中期,古土壤层S₀¹与S₀²之间的黄土夹层,反映了渭河上游地区在全新世大暖期的6 000~5 000 a BP期间气候显著恶化。     

南黄海表层沉积物碳酸盐及Ca、Sr、Ba分布特征

依据表层沉积物碳酸盐及元素Ca、Sr、Ba特征,探讨了南黄海表层沉积物的来源及其动力成因。现代黄河物质及老黄河三角洲物质以高钙、高碳酸盐和高Ca/Sr比值为特征;海区东北部物质以低钙、低碳酸盐、低Ca/Sr与Sr/Ba比值为特征,长江物质以碳酸盐及CaO含量、Ca/Sr与Sr/Ba比值中等为特征。表层沉积物碳酸盐、CaO含量及Ca/Sr、Sr/Ba比值的分布对不同特征沉积物的搬运和沉积具有很好的指示意义,南黄海北部Sr/Ba低值带沿NE－SW向延伸大体反映了黄海暖流的入侵路线。     

Ba, Si, U, Al, Sc, La, Th, C and C/C in a sediment core in the western subarctic Pacific as proxies of past biological production

A sediment core covering the last 145 kyrs was collected in the western subarctic Pacific (WSAP), and analyzed for Ba, U, Al, Sc, La, Yb, Th, biogenic opal (Opal) and organic carbon (C_org) as well as its isotopic ratio (δ¹³C). This study examined the change of past biological production in WSAP with multiple proxies, together with understanding the relation between Loess from the Asian continent and the biological production. The Loess content was estimated from the metal components, Al, Sc, La, Yb and Th. In this high latitude core (50°N), the Loess content was generally high during the glacial periods, but it was also high even in some interglacial periods. The excess amount of Ba relative to the detrital material composition, Ba_ex, showed the best correlation with the Vostok δD (r = 0.72, p < 0.001), indicating that the biological production was lower in the glacial periods than in the interglacials. This corroborates the pervasive correlation between Ba_ex in the polar region, WSAP and the Antarctic Sea, and Antarctic temperature, combined with previous research. This correlation might be explained by the stratification caused by cooling. In addition, the time variations of Ba_ex in WSAP were similar to those of Ba_ex in the Okhotsk Sea and of other proxies (C_org and Opal) in both the Okhotsk and the Bering Sea, indicating the spatial homogeneity of Ba_ex in WSAP including proximal marginal seas. The Opal content was more weakly correlated with the Vostok δD (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) than Ba_ex, reflecting that Opal in WSAP including proximal marginal seas was spatially heterogeneous compared to Ba_ex. While both the C_org content and U_ex, the excess amount of U relative to the detritus composition, were not positively correlated with the Vostok δD, they behaved similarly in the sediments. The positive correlation between δ¹³C and the Vostok δD (r = 0.42, p < 0.001), between δ¹³C and Ba_ex (r = 0.60, p < 0.001) and between δ¹³C and Opal (r = 0.36, p < 0.01) indicates that δ¹³C in WSAP may give some information on the phytoplankton growth rate. There was not a significant correlation between the spatially homogeneous Ba_ex in WSAP and Loess (r = − 0.16, p > 0.01), suggesting that the increase of biological production with the increase of Loess supply during the glacial periods did not occur.     

南秦岭大型钡成矿带有机地球化学特征与生物标示物研究

在南秦岭一带的下寒武统硅岩建造中,既存在一大批重晶石矿床,又发育大量毒重石矿床,构成世界上极为罕见的大型钡成矿带。通过对矿床中岩矿石的热解、有机碳分析、氯仿沥青"A"抽提及生物标志化合物等研究,认为含矿地层中有机质的先质母体为菌藻类生物,某些生物标志物指标指示了沉积环境为封闭的缺氧环境。有机质演化受热和生物降解双重作用影响,接近和达到了成熟阶段。在含矿岩石与矿石中,Ba与有机碳含量具有不协调的负相关趋势,有机质成熟度越高,越利于Ba的富集。钡的超常富集,不仅是一个消耗大量有机碳的过程,而且是有机质成熟度不断加深的过程。     

ICP—OES测定地球化学样品中La，Y，Ba

水系沉积物、土壤等试样用HF-HCl-HNO3-HClO4混酸消解后,以8％（v／v）HNO3溶解于渣,建立了测定地球化学样品中La,Y,Ba 3种微量元素的电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）方法。方法测定限（μg／L,10SD）为：La 6．0,Y 1．0,Ba 1．0。精密度（RSD％,n=11）为：0．20～1．50,经国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合,该方法现已用于区域化探试样的分析。     

广西北海近岸海域4200a以来古盐度时间序列分析

全新世以来的环境演化历程及未来环境演化趋势是当今全球变化研究的热点。海水古盐度作为反映古环境的一个重要指标,在古环境反演中起着重要作用。基于广西北海近岸海域BBWZK8沉积柱的地球化学和年代学分析,运用ARIMA时间序列模型对沉积物中反映古盐度的重要地球化学指标——w(Sr)/w(Ba)比值的变化特征进行了拟合和预测。研究结果表明,ARIMA(1,1,0)模型可以较好地拟合4 200 a以来沉积物中w(Sr)/w(Ba)比值的演化规律,模型的拟合曲线与过去环境演化历程基本吻合,也与前人的研究成果有着较好的一致性;预测结果显示,在未来400 a中北海近岸海域沉积物中的w(Sr)/w(Ba)仍呈逐渐降低的趋势(即海水的盐度将持续增大),但相对于以往的变化幅度(过去1 200 a),其降低的趋势明显放缓,据此可推测在今后一段时间内,区域气候将保持缓慢干旱的态势。     

银根-额济纳旗盆地原油的发现及其主要地球化学特征

在银根－额济纳旗盆地东部查干凹陷和西部路井凹陷首次发现了轻质低硫成熟原油，其饱和烃含量在80％以上，非烃和沥青质含量低；饱和烃和芳烃成熟度参数表明它们均为成熟原油，其成熟度相当于镜质相反射率Ro0.8%-1.1%阶段，是生油高峰阶段的产物。原油全油碳同位素δ^13C值小于－31‰。生物标志物中类异戊二烯含量较高，植烷与姥鲛烷均势；查干凹陷原油三环萜烷含量高于五环萜烷，而路井凹陷原油三环萜烷含量相对较低；两原油中均含有较高的Ts,C29Ts,C30重排藿烷和伽马蜡烷，藿烷为主，C32以上升藿烷含量极低；孕甾烷含量较高，尤其是查干凹陷原油；甾烷中以C29甾烷为主，约占50％，C27和C28甾烷基本均势，异胆甾烷含量高于胆甾烷；重排甾烷含量低，甾烷的含量与萜烷含量相当，这些特征表明原油是典型的湖相原油，其主要的烃源岩是下白垩统湖相源岩而非侏罗系煤系烃源岩。