NUMERICAL PREDICTION OF AN EXTREME RAINSTORM OVER THE PEARL RIVER DELTA REGION ON 7 MAY 2017 BASED ON WRF-ENKF

An ensemble Kalman filter based on the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF-EnKF) is used to explore the effectiveness of the assimilation of surface observation data in an extreme local rainstorm over the Pearl River Delta region on 7 May 2017. Before the occurrence of rainstorm, the signals of weather forecasts in this case are too weak to be predicted by numerical weather model, but the surface temperature over the urban area are high. The results of this study show that the wind field, temperature, and water vapor are obviously adjusted by assimilating surface data of 10-m wind, 2-m temperature, and 2-m water vapor mixing ratio at 2300 BST 6 May, especially below the height of 2 km. The southerly wind over the Pearl River Delta region is enhanced, and the convergence of wind over the northern Guangzhou city is also enhanced. Additionally, temperature, water vapor mixing ratio and pseudoequivalent potential temperature are obviously increased over the urban region, providing favorable conditions for the occurrence of heavy precipitation. After assimilation, the predictions of 12-h rainfall amount, temperature, and relative humidity are significantly improved, and the rainfall intensity and distribution in this case can be successfully reproduced. Moreover, sensitivity tests suggest that the assimilation of 2-m temperature is the key to predict this extreme rainfall and just assimilating data of surface wind or water vapor is not workable, implying that urban heat island effect may be an important factor in this extreme rainstorm.     

上地幔超高压流体的金刚石压砧实验研究

地球深部流体主要是NaCl-H2O溶液,越到地球深部,它赋存的温度、压力越高,性质状态也不断变化,反之,亦然。当NaCl-H2O流体进入和脱离(上升过程)超临界状态时,其性质会发生截然不同的变化,影响着各种地质过程。使用金刚石压砧在高温高压下原位观测流体的实验,用谱学方法,结合同步辐射光源技术,成为定量化研究地球深部高温超高压流体的有效方法。作者使用同步辐射光源的红外谱研究了10GPa下的NaCl-H2O溶液;在地球化学动力学实验室研究了3GPa,650℃下的NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱,此测量方法可以提供温度压力和体积等数据,能研究其状态。NaCl-H2O溶液红外谱表明水分子主要振动谱受压力和温度影响是不同的。压力增加促使水分子主要振动谱向低波数变化。但是温度增加的效应相反。常温高压下水被压缩,结晶向紧密堆积变化。高温高压下的水有气、液、固和超临界流体各相。水分子间的氢键在近临界态开始减弱,氢键网络被破坏。     

东亚季风气候对Heinrich2事件的响应:来自石笋的高分辨率记录

据湖北省神农架天鹅洞一支石笋11个230Th年龄和254个δ18O数据,建立了28.5～22.0kaB.P.同位素分辨率平均约30a的东亚季风气候变化序列。该石笋δ18O曲线与南京葫芦洞石笋记录在重叠时段基本一致,说明本区石笋δ18O反映了区域性东亚季风经向环流特征。在24.3kaB.P.左右,石笋δ18O明显正偏,持续时间近1ka,指示一次显著的弱夏季风事件,与北大西洋倒数第二次冰漂碎屑事件(Heinrich2)同步发生,可视为东亚季风气候对H2事件的响应。高分辨率的δ18O序列揭示了H2事件的内部结构特征:(1)事件发生的突变性,石笋δ18O记录指示事件发生时在100a内δ18O从-8.59‰迅速正偏为-6.75‰,振幅达1.84‰;(2)事件结束的渐变性,δ18O正偏到-6.75‰后便以阶梯状缓慢负偏到-8.86‰至事件结束,持续时间近900a。这一过程与末次盛冰期东亚季风气候H1事件表现的季风强弱转换方式基本一致,说明末次盛冰期东亚季风气候H型事件具有共同的内部结构特征。研究表明,末次盛冰期东亚季风气候H事件的突变可能受北大西洋驱动并经青藏高原冰川变化放大。     

2-level r-tree index based on spatial grids and Hilbert R-tree

IntroductionSpatial index is the data structure between spatialoperation algorithms and spatial data objects, and itis usually used to improve the efficiency of spatialdata operations. Spatial index is one of the funda-ment techniques to manage the spatia…     

Middle-high latitude N2O distributions related to the Arctic vortex breakup

The relationship of N2O distributions with the Arctic vortex breakup is first analyzed with a probability distribution function （PDF） analysis. The N2O concentration shows different distributions between the early and late vortex breakup years. In the early breakup years, the N2O concentration shows low values and large dispersions after the vortex breakup, which is related to the inhomogeneity in the vertical advection in the middle and high latitude lower stratosphere. The horizontal diffusion coefficient （Kyy） shows a larger value accordingly. In the late breakup years, the N2O concentration shows high values and more uniform distributions than in the early years after the vortex breakup, with a smaller vertical advection and Kyy after the vortex breakup. It is found that the N2O distributions are largely affected by the Arctic vortex breakup time but the dynamically defined vortex breakup time is not the only factor.     

区域性森林大火的真正成因

森林大火真正起因于地球排气中易燃还原性气体在腐殖层的临界积聚(气体体积分数大约为5%~6%)。现场气体(H2,CO)系统测量结果证实了这一点。测量结果显示,该林区腐殖层中H2、CO质量分数分别为(10~170)×10-6(本底值为0·5×10-6)和(2~60)×10-6(本底值为0·5×10-6),二者均远高于大气本底值数十到数百倍,而且未燃区的测值显然高于1998年燃区。     

Stream formation in W Serpentis-type binaries

By the method proposed by Nazarenko (1993) and using observational data obtained by different authors, the physical conditions in the stream in the neighbourhood of the inner Lagrangian point L₁ were calculated for three interacting binary systems of W Ser-type: β Lyr, V367 Cyg, RY Sct. It is shown, that as a result of the evolutional expansion of the mass losing component the deep layers of its atmosphere reach the neighbourhood of the first Lagrangian point L₁ and a stream of axial symmetric shape is formed. Its radius is comparable to the dimension of the mass losing component. The rate of the mass transfer increases up to 10⁻⁵ M_⊙/yr. The calculated parameters of the stream in the neighbourhood of the point L₁ explain the main observational properties of the investigated systems (existence of extended circumstellar matter with a developed structure, high mass transfer rate).     

基于对等网络技术的气象数据共享服务应用

气象数据共享业务广泛采用了单一资料源向各个目标节点分发的方式,针对这种共享业务的特点,设计并实现了一种基于对等网络技术的气象数据共享应用,提供资料源的共享发布以及节点间的共享访问功能。该应用通过搭建的仿真平台模拟实际业务应用,验证了在全国气象宽带网络上实现共享传输的可行性。在随后的小范围业务试验中进一步证明了该应用能够在特定的业务场景中不增加中心节点资源消耗而提升数据共享的传输效率。     

BDS-3新频点信号双频精密单点定位精度分析

北斗卫星导航系统(BeiDou navigation satellite System, BDS)已于2020年7月正式建成并开通, 北斗三号(BDS-3)在旧信号B1I和B3I的基础上, 增加了B1C、B2a新信号. 为了全面评估BDS-3的新信号B1C、B2a的定位性能, 试验了GPS (Global Positioning System)、BDS-3、BDS-2/BDS-3新旧信号的定位性能和BDS系统不同频点与GPS组合定位性能, 对BDS (B1I+B3I、B1C/B2a)+GPS (L1+L2)组合静态PPP (Precise Point Positioning)定位性能进行分析, 并与单卫星系统对比分析. 试验结果表明: BDS-3 (B1C/B2a)在East (E)、\lk North (N)、Up (U)方向的定位精度优于1.25cm、0.89cm、1.67cm, BDS-3新旧频点在E、N方向上定位精度与GPS L1/L2在同一水平上, U方向上新频点定位精度高于GPS L1/L2和BDS-3旧频点, 较旧频点定位精度提升了34.2%, 新频点收敛时间25.9min比旧频点提升了12.7%; 相较于BDS、GPS单系统, 组合系统BDS/GPS定位精度和收敛时间有了明显的提高, BDS-3 (B1C/B2a)+GPS在E、N方向上与BDS-3 (B1I/B3I)+GPS定位精度相当, 在U方向上定位精度前者较后者有了明显的提升, 提升了17.2%, 组合系统新频点收敛时间20.1min比旧频点提升了17.6%.     

Targeting rare earth element bearing mine tailings on Bangka Island,Indonesia, with Sentinel-2 MSI

A laboratory study on rare earth element bearing mine tailings, collected from Bangka Island, Indonesia, reported a new spectral absorption feature at 674 nm associated with Erbium. The present study aims to evaluate the capability of the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 MSI sensors to detect this absorption feature from space. An arithmetic band operation is performed on selected visible and near-infrared spectral bands of a Sentinel-2 image. The results show that Sentinel-2 MSI is capable of detecting the 674 nm Erbium-related absorption feature within the particular environmental setting of the study area.