Investigation of deposits for traditional extraction activities (metals and coal) has generally been based on determining grade, or content, of the required material. In order to apply the grade concept to an ornamental rock such as slate, it is first necessary to define the variables that determine both the geotechnical recovery rate for the rock mass — which conditions the size of the extracted blocks – and the aesthetic features of the slate — which define the quality of the slabs as potential roofing material.
For this research, geotechnical and aesthetic data for a slate deposit were collected from 16 continuous core borehole samples. A fuzzy expert system was then developed using this data, defining the rock mass recovery rate and slab quality in accordance with the criteria of a slate expert, producing as a final output a zonation of the deposit in terms of top quality slate, medium quality slate or waste.
A mathematical model based on fuzzy logic was chosen due to the fact that the boundaries between different quality groups in a deposit are not clearly distinguished. Moreover, quality also depends on a company's infrastructures for transformation of the blocks, and also on its commercial strategies. 相似文献
A decision support system (DSS) has been developed to assist expert and non-expert users in the evaluation and selection of
eco-engineering strategies for slope protection. This DSS combines a qualitative hazard assessment of erosion and mass movements
with a detailed catalogue of eco-engineering strategies for slope protection of which the suitability is evaluated in relation
to the data entered. The slope decision support system (SDSS) is a knowledge based DSS in which knowledge is stored in frames
containing rules that can evaluate the available information for a project, stored as project specific information (PSI) in
a data file. The advantages of such a system are that it accepts incomplete information and that the qualitative nature of
the information does not instil the user with a sense of unjustified exactitude. By its multidisciplinary and progressive
nature, the DSS will be of value during the initial stages of an eco-engineering project when data collection and the potential
of different eco-engineering strategies are considered. The accent of the output of the DSS is on the application of eco-engineering
strategies for slope protection as an environmentally-friendly solution aiding sustainable development. For its acceptance
within the engineering community, the DSS needs to prove its predictive capacity. Therefore, its performance has been benchmarked
against successful and unsuccessful cases of slope stabilisation using eco-engineering. The target audience and the areas
of application of this DSS are reviewed and the strategies for further development in this area suggested. 相似文献
Summary. Discontinuous manual observations and irregular caving characteristics of roof rocks often lead to improper decisions resulting
in accidents and production loss. Hence, systematic monitoring of the hanging roof behind the chock shields is necessary for
safe and productive mining operations. A real-time application was successfully implemented in an Indian mine for forecasting
of hanging roof behaviour to enhance safety and productivity. This paper reports the functioning of real-time TWAP (time weighted
average pressure) analysis in the forecasting of hanging roof behaviour in real time. 相似文献
One of the most significant water resources in the Republic of Croatia is the catchment area of the Kupa River, located in
the region bordering the Republic of Slovenia. About 88% of the total amount of water in this catchment originates in Croatia
and just 12% from Slovenia; therefore, the largest part of the catchment area (about 1000 km2) is on the Croatian side of the border. It is a typical karst area of the Dinarides with aquifers characterized by a relatively
rapid water exchange, high groundwater flow velocities and aquifers open to human impact from the surface. Consequently, the
aquifers are highly vulnerable and at risk. Due to the availability of large quantities of high-quality spring water (about
6 m3/s), the entire area has a strategic importance within the context of any future development strategy pertaining to the western
part of Croatia. The catchment area on the Croatian side was investigated using a wide range of research methods that included
a classical hydrogeological approach, the detailed hydrologic calculation of water balance to the hydrogeochemical analyses
and modelling. The objective was to determine protection zones and protection measures for the whole area. The difficulties
are increased due to the fact that the karst catchment area is crossed by major traffic corridors, oil pipelines and a railway
and that many settlements and a highly developed wood industry are present. The combination of protecting water resources
with adequate prevention measures and necessary remedial activities that should satisfy the very strict requirements necessary
for the protection of the karst aquifers while still allowing for present and future human activities is difficult – but not
impossible – to achieve. One good example is the present highway with a closed dewatering system and waste water treatment
before the water passes into the karst underground system. 相似文献
Connectivity is an important measure for assessing flow transport in rock, especially through fractures. In this paper, rock
fracture systems are modelled by a discrete fracture model simulated by a marked point process. A connectivity index is then
introduced to quantify the connectivity between any two points in space. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the connectivity
index for stationary cases and relationships between the connectivity index and the parameters of the discrete fracture model
are analysed. The average number of intersections per fracture, Xf, and the fracture intensity, P12 (P32), are calculated and the relationships between these parameters and the connectivity index are investigated, concluding that
Xf is the more suitable parameter for the classification of rock mass flow properties. The relationships between the connectivity
index and the percolation state of the fractured medium are also discussed. An edge correction is briefly discussed and a
practical example is used to demonstrate the method of computing the connectivity index. 相似文献
Slurry pipe jacking was firmly established as a special method for the non-disruptive construction of the underground pipelines
of sewage systems. Pipe jacking, in its traditional form, has occasionally been used for short railways, roads, rivers, and
other projects. Basically the system involves the pushing or thrusting of concrete pipes into the ground by a number of jacks.
In slurry pipe jacking, during the pushing process, mud slurry and lubricant are injected into the face and the over cutting
area that is between the concrete pipes and the surrounding soil. Next, the slurry fills voids and the soil stabilizes due
to the created slurry cake around the pipes. Fillings also reduce the jacking force or thrust during operation. When the drivage
and pushing processes are finished, a mortar injection into the over cutting area is carried out in order to maintain permanent
stability of the surrounding soil and the over cutting area. Successful lubrication around the pipes is extremely important
in a large diameter slurry pipe jacking operation.
Control of lubrication and gaps between pipes and soil can prevent hazards such as surface settlement and increases in thrust.
Also, to find voids around the pipes after the jacking process, in order to inject mortar for permanent stabilizing, an investigation
around the pipes is necessary. To meet these aims, this paper is concerned with the utilization of known methods such as the
GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) system and borehole camera to maintain control of the over cutting area and lubricant distribution
around the pipes during a site investigation. From this point of view, experiments were carried out during a tunnel construction
using one of the largest cases of slurry pipe jacking in Fujisawa city, Japan. The advantages and disadvantages of each system
were clarified during the tests. 相似文献