深层搅拌桩在某住宅楼地基加固中的应用

以桂林某工地为例阐述了深层搅拌桩在深厚软弱地基中的设计、施工方法以及应用效果。     

非饱和土的新非线性模型及其应用

为描述非饱和土的应力-应变特性,基于非饱和土三轴剪切试验,提出泊松比变化率（即切线泊松比随轴向应变的变化速率）的概念,发现非饱和土的切线模量和泊松比变化率均随轴向应变的增加呈指数衰减规律,基于此提出了一种描述非饱和土应力-应变关系的新非线性模型。该模型不仅能描述应变硬化,而且能描述应变软化;能对非饱和土三轴不固结不排水剪、固结排水剪、固结不排水剪试验的应力-应变关系进行描述;模型共包含6个参数,物理意义明确,确定方法简便。利用提出的模型对国内外文献中的三轴试验进行了模拟,结果表明,模拟结果与试验数据有很好的吻合度,从而验证了模型对试验数据的合理性和适用性。     

Geochemical Aspects of Hypogene Hydrothermal Alteration Zones in the Chol‐qeshlaghi Area,NW Iran: Constrains on REEs

Chol-qeshlaghi altered area lies in the northwestern part of the post-collisional Urumieh-Dokhtar magmatic arc, NW Iran. Pervasive silicic, argillic, phyllic and propylitic altered zones appears to be intimately affiliated to the fluids derivative of upper Oligocene Khankandi granodiorite. This paper is dedicated to the identification of geochemical characteristics of hydrothermal alterations, focusing on the determination of the mass gains and losses of REEs, to gain significant insights regard...     

饱和膨润土及其与砂混合物的压缩变形特性

对用不同制样方法得到的饱和膨润土及其与砂混合物进行了压缩试验。试验结果表明,饱和膨润土的压缩曲线呈双线性,不同于普通黏土的压缩曲线。压缩试验中量测了侧向应力,由此得到的饱和膨润土的静止侧向压力系数值较一般黏土的数值要大。对膨润土与砂混合物的击实样进行了由非饱和到饱和状态的浸水试验,并得出试验过程中侧向应力的变化规律。由于浸水饱和的试样和抽真空饱和的试样在较高压力时压缩曲线趋于一致,可采用快速抽真空饱和的方法进行试验研究,以缩短非饱和混合物击实样浸水饱和所需时间。引入骨架孔隙比的概念,用来判断膨润土与砂混合物中砂骨架是否形成,得出影响混合物压缩特性的决定因素。     

Capability of constitutive models to simulate soils with different OCR using a single set of parameters

Incorporation of void ratio as a state variable into constitutive models allows, in principle, to use a single set of parameters for soils with different OCRs. Two sets of experimental data on reconstituted clays are used for evaluation of three constitutive models of different complexity (Modified Cam clay model, 3SKH model, hypoplastic model for clays). Although all the models predict the influence of OCR correctly from the qualitative point of view, quantitative comparison using a suitable scalar error measure reveals merits and shortcomings of different models.     

Crustal transect from the North Atlantic Knipovich Ridge to the Svalbard Margin west of Hornsund

The crustal structure along a 312 km transect, stretching from the axial mountains of the North Atlantic Knipovich Ridge to the continental shelf of Svalbard, has been obtained using seismic reflection data and wide angle OBS data. The resulting seismic V_p and V_s models are further constrained by a 2-D-gravity model. The principal objective of this study is to describe and resolve the physical and compositional properties of the crust in order to understand the processes and creation of oceanic crust in this extremely slow-spreading counterpart of the North Atlantic Ridge Systems. V_p is estimated to be 3.50–6.05 km/s for the upper oceanic crust (oceanic layer 2), with a marked increase away from the ridge. The measured V_p of 6.55–6.95 km/s for oceanic layer 3A and 7.10–7.25 km/s for layer 3B, both with a V_p/V_s ratio of 1.81, except for slightly higher values at the ridge axis, does not allow a clear distinction between gabbro and mantle-derived peridotite (10–40% serpentized). The thickness of the oceanic crust varies a lot along the transect from the minimum of 5.6 km to a maximum of 8.1 km. The mean thickness of 6.7 km for the oceanic crust is well above the average thickness for slow-spreading ridges (<10 mm/year half-spreading rate). The areas of increased thickness could be explained by large magma production-rates found in the zones of axial highs at the ridge axis, which also have generated the off-axial highs adjacent the ridge. We suggest that these axial and off-axial highs along the ridge control the lithological composition of the oceanic crust. This approach suggests normal gabbroic oceanic crust to be found in the areas bound by the active magma segments (the axial and off-axial highs) and mantle-derived peridotite outside these zone.     

Compressional behavior of clayey sand and transition fines content

Clayey sand can be considered as a composite matrix of coarse and fine grains. The interaction between coarser and finer grain matrices affects the overall stress–strain behavior of these soils. Intergranular void ratio, e_s (which is the void ratio of the coarser grain matrix) can be utilized as an alternative parameter to express the compressive response of such soils. Oedometer tests conducted on reconstituted kaolinite–sand mixtures indicate that initial conditions, percentage of fines, and stress conditions influence the compression characteristics evidently. Tests showed that, up to a fraction of fines, which is named as transition fines content (FC_t), compression behavior of the mixtures is mainly controlled by the sand grains. When concentration of fines exceeds FC_t, kaolinite controls the compression. It was found that FC_t varies between 19% and 34% depending on the above mentioned factors. This range of fines content is also consistent with various values reported in literature regarding the strength alteration. Performed direct shear tests revealed that there is also a close relationship between transition fines content and shear strength, which is harmonic with the oedometer test results.     

青藏铁路多年冻土区典型土样冻胀率特性研究

青藏铁路穿越高原多年冻土区546km,沿线分布着各种地形地貌单元,包括盆地、高山区、高平原、谷地等,各处的地层岩性和冻土赋存环境各不相同．通过对青藏高原多年冻土区典型土样的冻胀率试验,分析了高原多年冻土的冻胀率与含泥量、含水率、干密度之间的规律．结果表明：高原冻土具有较大的冻胀率,其冻胀率随含泥量的增加而增加,随含水率...     

孤北21三维目标处理实例

结合地质目标及处理要求,对孤北21井区三维资料进行了分析。对不同处理目标采取了相应的处理措施,取得了较好的处理效果。     

隧道塌方的尖点灾变模型及应用

针对隧道塌方失稳问题，运用灾变理论建立隧道塌方失稳的尖点灾变模型。基于平衡曲面方程，可求得隧道围岩体内承载区介质刚度与对应的松驰区弱化介质本构曲线拐点处理刚度之比值K，并给出了塌方与否的判据，当K≤1时，隧道将发生塌方失稳；当K＞1时，隧道将不会发生塌方失稳。根据此模型，笔者解释了隧道中几种常见的灾变破坏机理，并提出了相应的治理方案。