堤坝管涌的室内试验与颗粒流细观模拟研究

本文对水流垂直方向的堤坝管涌现象分别进行了室内模型模拟和颗粒流模拟实验。在室内模型试验模拟中采用先进的数码成像跟踪设备在细观的尺度上对土样在管涌发生发展的全过程进行了观察和记录,为颗粒流细观模拟提供了必要的细观参数及宏观依据。提出的二维孔隙率与三维孔隙率转换的关系公式很好的将室内模型试验的孔隙率同颗粒流数值模拟结合,运用颗粒流程序采用固液耦合的分析模型对管涌现象作进一步的数值模拟分析。根据模拟结果,分析了管涌产生、发展在颗粒细观尺度的原因,对管涌产生发展中的试样细观变化规律及流速的变化规律进行了分析。这些结果为PFC2D在渗流和渗透破坏等方面的深入研究应用提供了一定的实用依据,同时也为在细观尺度上解释和分析管涌现象提供了一条新的途径。     

土钉面层配筋量计算原理及实例分析

本文在分析国内外大量文献资料的基础上,对土钉面层的受力机制进行了详细的讨论和分析,认为土钉面层主要受到钉体对面层的集中荷载及土体对面层的分布荷载作用。引入半弹性体和布辛涅奈斯克理论推导出了较为实用的土钉面层配筋量计算公式,并通过实例验证了该公式的正确性。     

刚性桩复合地基垫层对桩土应力比影响分析

从极限平衡理论角度对刚性桩复合地基中垫层作用机理进行分析,提出桩顶垫层厚度、垫层材料内摩擦角等参数对桩土应力分担的控制公式,推导出在已知表面应力情况下考虑桩土共同作用的桩土沉降计算公式,在此基础上提出一种桩土应力比的迭代计算方法。编制程序实现对算例的计算,总结分析计算结果并与实测值进行对比验证。     

A numerical study on 2-D compressive wave propagation in rock masses with a set of joints along the radial direction normal to the joints

An explosion in a borehole or an accidental explosion in a tunnel will generate a two-dimensional (2-D) compressive wave that travels through the surrounding rock mass. For the problem of 2-D compressive wave propagation in a rock mass with parallel joints in the radial direction normal to the joints, parametric studies on the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are performed in universal distinct element code. The variation of the transmission ratio with the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength is generalized into a characteristic curve, which can be used as a prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio. The relationship between the maximum rebound ratio and the influence factors is obtained in charts. The charts can be used as a prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio. The proposed prediction models for estimating the transmission ratio and the maximum rebound ratio are applied to a field explosion test, Mandai test in Singapore. The minimum possible values of peak particle velocity (PPV) at the monitoring points are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the transmission ratio along the radial direction normal to the joints. On the other hand, the maximum possible values of PPV are estimated by using the proposed prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio along the same radial direction. The comparison shows a good agreement between the field-recorded PPVs and the estimated range of PPVs given by the minimum possible PPVs and the maximum possible PPVs at the monitoring points in Mandai test. The good agreement between the estimated and field-recorded values validates the proposed prediction models for estimating peak particle velocity in a rock mass with a set of joints due to application of a compressive wave at the boundary of a tunnel or a borehole.     

Compressional behavior of clayey sand and transition fines content

Clayey sand can be considered as a composite matrix of coarse and fine grains. The interaction between coarser and finer grain matrices affects the overall stress–strain behavior of these soils. Intergranular void ratio, e_s (which is the void ratio of the coarser grain matrix) can be utilized as an alternative parameter to express the compressive response of such soils. Oedometer tests conducted on reconstituted kaolinite–sand mixtures indicate that initial conditions, percentage of fines, and stress conditions influence the compression characteristics evidently. Tests showed that, up to a fraction of fines, which is named as transition fines content (FC_t), compression behavior of the mixtures is mainly controlled by the sand grains. When concentration of fines exceeds FC_t, kaolinite controls the compression. It was found that FC_t varies between 19% and 34% depending on the above mentioned factors. This range of fines content is also consistent with various values reported in literature regarding the strength alteration. Performed direct shear tests revealed that there is also a close relationship between transition fines content and shear strength, which is harmonic with the oedometer test results.     

非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构设计方法探讨

在建立非线形粘滞阻尼器消能结构性能曲线的基础上，建议了依据减震性能目标确定阻尼器参数的概略设计方法。提出了多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构的等效阻尼比计算公式。在此基础上建议了适用于多自由度非线性粘滞阻尼器消能结构地震反应预测的模态叠加法，方法与时程分析结果对比吻合良好。为使各层阻尼器参数更好地满足减震性能要求，提出了将概略设计得到的层阻尼器参数依据减振性能目标进行调整的方法。     

型钢高强混凝土柱轴压比限值的试验研究

通过20个型钢高强混凝土柱的低周反复加载试验对其受力性能进行了研究，分析了剪跨比、轴压比、配箍率以及混凝土强度对型钢高强混凝土柱延性的影响，提出了不同剪跨比、不同配箍率的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值。其中，剪跨比大于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值由大、小偏心界限破坏时力的平衡条件并结合试验结果确定，而剪跨比小于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的轴压比限值则通过与剪跨比大于2．0的型钢高强混凝土柱的延性对比加以确定。     

云南地区房屋建筑的震害矩阵

自1992年4月23日云南孟连西中缅交界6.7、6.9级地震始,地震部门对云南地区的破坏性地震进行了现场灾害调查和经济损失评估。1992~2003年,云南地区共发生50次破坏性地震,积累了丰富的震害资料。本文根据云南地区的主要建筑结构,统计分析了50次地震不同烈度区的破坏比、损失比和震害指数,给出了房屋建筑的震害矩阵。     

桩网复合地基桩土应力比的确定

实践证明,桩网复合地基同时具备竖向增强体复合地基与水平向增强体复合地基的加固优点,能很好地提高地基土体承载力,减小不均匀沉降,特别是桥头过渡段地基处理中能有效控制“桥头跳车”现象的产生。本文主要对桩网复合地基的加固机理进行分析,并结合自然平衡拱理论和加筋垫层拉膜效应理论推导出路堤下桩网复合地基桩土应力比计算公式,同时分析了各设计参数变化对桩土应力比的变化规律。工程实体试验表明,本文所推导的桩土应力比计算公式具有较好的适用性。     

基于à trous小波变换的Landsat 7 ETM＋图像融合研究

 以胶州湾及周边海岸带为研究区，采用Landsat 7 ETM+数据，提出一种基于à trous小波变换的全色图像和多光谱图像融合改进算法。对全色图像和多光谱图像进行适当层数的小波分解，多光谱图像的低频部分采用全色图像和其低频分量的比来调制； 最高分解层外的其余分解层采用多光谱图像和全色图像在该层分解系数的加权和，加权系数由局部区域能量比来确定； 最高分解层则采用绝对值最大准则。实验表明，该方法得到的图像可提高空间分辨率，对多光谱图像的光谱信息扭曲也较小，为提高海岸带地物分类和信息提取精度奠定了基础。