城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型研究进展

按照地理学科发展趋势,对城镇化与生态环境耦合的研究将由定量描述转入动态模拟。目前,城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型呈现多元化。论文系统梳理了其中4类常见的动态模拟模型,包括城镇化与生态环境耦合系统动力学模型、基于人工智能算法的城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型、基于土地利用变化的城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型以及基于多模型集成的城镇化与生态环境耦合复合模型。主要结论如下：系统动力学模型被广泛应用于城市复杂系统、城市转型和可持续发展以及城镇化与生态环境单要素耦合的动态模拟之中,但存在空间解释不足以及忽视系统自适应性等问题;人工智能算法(ANN和BN)在自学习、自组织、自适应系统或不确定性系统模拟中具有显著优势,并被应用于城市扩张、环境变化、资源需求以及生态脆弱性的识别之中,但应用面相对狭窄且限制条件偏多;土地利用变化模型(CLUE/CLUE-S、CA和MAS)局限于从土地城镇化视角模拟城镇化与生态环境耦合;基于多模型集成的复合模型实现了各模型之间的优势互补,已成为城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型的发展趋势。今后,应从技术和理论2个层面实现城镇化与生态环境耦合动态模拟模型的进一步发展,并加强对微观过程的模拟。     

飞机人工增雨作业的决策方法

利用中尺度模式计算云中的宏观物理特征量,结合分析作物生育期内不同时段降水对产量的影响程度及其变化特征,计算了不同区域逐旬每毫米增雨对作物经济效益的影响。提出用冰面饱和、水汽垂直输送、水汽积分量等云的宏观指标和各主要农作物不同生育阶段增雨的潜在经济效益指标等共同确定播云作业区的决策方法。在山东省人工增雨业务技术系统实践中,完成作业时间、作业高度和作业区范围的决策过程。     

从徐志摩和顾城的爱情诗透视其性格与命运

“新月”诗人徐志摩和“朦胧”诗人顾城是二十世纪中国文学史上的两位天才诗人。爱情无疑使他们的创作充满了灵性,但爱情也使他们走上了不归路。徐志摩“魄散天外”;顾城“魂断异国”。爱情激发了诗人生命中的灵性,爱情也摧毁了诗人充满灵性的生命,这大概就是诗人难以逃脱的命运。     

Relativistic effects in the critical inclination problem in artificial satellite theory

It is well known that in artifical satellite theory special techniques must be employed to construct a formal solution whenever the orbital inclination is sufficiently close to the critical value cos^–1 (1/5). In this article the authors investigate the consequences of introducing certain relativistic effects into the motion of a satellite about an oblate primary. Particular attention is paid to the critical inclination(s), and for such critical motions an appropriate method of solution is formulated.     

利用人工神经网络理论对地震信号及地震震相进行识别

根据人工神经网络理论,初步研究了工人工神经网络地震信号及震相进行识别的能力。为了进行识别,将三分向地震资料的矢量模作为神经网络的输入。     

Identification of the governing parameters related to rock indentation depth by using similarity analysis

This paper focuses on the indentation depth in rocks caused by a hemispherical indenter. The problem is approached by a combination of similarity methods with an artificial neural network. The similarity methods offer a profound understanding of the physical problem and help to identify the most important governing parameters or factors that reflect the essence of the rock indentation events, thus simplifying the target problem. The artificial neural network provides an advanced computing model, which allows more factors to be involved. The predictions obtained using this combined approach are in better agreement with the experimental results than predictions using other methods.     

用人工神经网络估算岩质边坡的安全系数

基于工程事例, 介绍了一组初步试验工作, 探讨人工神经网络(ANN)方法用于岩质边坡稳定性安全系数估算的可能性。文中给出三次试验及试验结果, 试验结果表明用人工神经网络估算岩质边坡安全系数不仅是可行的, 而且是一种实时、准确且准备工作简单的估算方法。     

深Ⅱ°烧伤创面应用CHIMEHERB人工皮与酒精冷藏猪皮的比较

通过CHIMEHERB人工皮与酒精冷藏猪皮在深Ⅱ°及混合度烧伤创面上的应用比较,表明两者的粘附,透水等性能以及止痛效果一致.且前者比后者的优点是:不占位、平均提早创面愈合时间2～3.5d(天),并减少换药次数.     

Ecological aspects of hydrothermal vent animals in captivity at atmospheric pressure

Hydrothermal vent animals were kept and displayed at atmospheric pressure with an artificial hydrothermal vent system in Enoshima Aquarium, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan. The artificial hydrothermal vent system was composed of a main rearing tank, a heating tank, a hot water outlet with added Na₂S as the source of H₂S, and added CO₂ for chemosynthetic bacteria and pH regulation. When the need arises, a dissolved oxygen control unit and submersible heaters can be attached. We are now rearing hydrothermal vent crabs (Austinograea yunohana), hydrothermal vent galatheid crabs (Shinkaia crosnieri), vestimentiferan tubeworms (Lamellibrachia satsuma), hydrothermal vent shrimp (Opaepele spp.), hydrothermal vent barnacles (Ashinkailepas seepiophilia and Neoverruca sp.), and tonguefish (Symphurus sp.). In the artificial hydrothermal vent tank, shrimp and crabs have been observed to cluster close to the artificial hydrothermal vent. In particular, large (adult) crabs needed a heat source to live in the aquarium over a long term. Additionally, some species (A. yunohana, S. crosnieri, Opaepele sp. and Symphurus sp.) have spawned and hatched in captivity. It is likely higher water temperatures are needed for egg and larval development compared with temperatures for adult requirements.