热带印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼水平-垂直分布空间分析

为了解印度洋热带海域黄鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus albacares)延绳钓适宜渔获水温的等温线时空分布,分析黄鳍金枪鱼适宜的垂直和水平空间分布范围,采用Argo浮标剖面温度数据重构印度洋热带海域16°C和距海洋表层水温8°C(Δ8°C)的月平均等温线场,网格化计算了16°C和Δ8°C等温线深度值和下界深度差,并结合印度洋金枪鱼委员会(IOTC)黄鳍金枪鱼延绳钓渔业数据,绘制了16°C和Δ8°C等温线深度与月平均单位捕捞努力量的渔获量(CPUE)的空间叠加图,用于分析热带印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼中心渔场CPUE时空分布和高渔获率水温的等温线时空分布关系。结果表明,高值CPUE的分布表现出明显的季节性变化。16°C等温线,在东北季风期间,高值CPUE出现的地方深度值大多小于200m;西南季风期间,在15°—25°S深度可到达250m,在130—190m深度全年有高值CPUE集中出现,深度值超过300m的地方CPUE普遍较小。Δ8°C等温线,高值CPUE出现的地方深度值大多小于175m,主要在100—170m;西南季风期间,在15oS以南区域,150—300m深度,也有高值CPUE区域出现,全年深度值超过300m的地方CPUE普遍较小。全年在15oS以北纬向区域,高渔获率的垂直分布深度更加集中,在西南季风期间尤其明显。采用频次分析和经验累积分布函数计算其最适次表层环境因子分布,16°C等温线120—209m;Δ8°C等温线80—159m;与下界深度差:16°C等温线0—59m;海表以下8°C等温线50—119m。文章初步得出热带印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼中心渔场适宜的水平、垂直深度值分布区间,结果可以辅助寻找中心渔场位置,同时指导投钩深度,为热带印度洋黄鳍金枪鱼实际生产作业和资源管理提供理论支持。     

Several Important Issues in Salinity Quality Control of Argo Float

Several floats that deployed by different countries during the last years over the global ocean, which served as a contribution to the Array for real time geostrophic oceanography (Argo), are studied in this paper with respect to their uniqueness in the Delayed Mode Quality Control (DMQC) process. Of these floats, issues were found in the temperature-salinity relationships during the DMQC, which would easily be misinterpreted or overlooked. This study lists and summarizes the possible situations of the floats that might confront in their observation life, together with the reasonable explanations. The authors present some thoughts on evaluating the performance of the conductivity sensors and calibrating the float salinity data.     

Improvement of short-termforecasting in the northwest Pacific through assimilating Argo data into initial fields

The impact of assimilating Argo data into an initial field on the short-term forecasting accuracy of temper- ature and salinity is quantitatively estimated by using a forecasting system of the western North Pacific, on the base of the Princeton ocean model with a generalized coordinate system （POMgcs）. This system uses a sequential multigrid three-dimensional variational （3DVAR） analysis scheme to assimilate observation da- ta. Two numerical experiments were conducted with and without Argo temperature and salinity profile data besides conventional temperature and salinity profile data and sea surface height anomaly （SSHa） and sea surface temperature （SST） in the process of assimilating data into the initial fields. The forecast errors are estimated by using independent temperature and salinity profiles during the forecasting period, including the vertical distributions of the horizontally averaged root mean square errors （H-RMSEs） and the horizontal distributions of the vertically averaged mean errors （MEs） and the temporal variation of spatially averaged root mean square errors （S-RMSEs）. Comparison between the two experiments shows that the assimila- tion of Argo data significantly improves the forecast accuracy, with 24% reduction of H-RMSE maximum for the temperature, and the salinity forecasts are improved more obviously, averagely dropping of 50% for H-RMSEs in depth shallower than 300 m. Such improvement is caused by relatively uniform sampling of both temperature and salinity from the Argo drifters in time and space.