Wild Barley, Hordeum spontaneum, a Genetic Resource for Crop Improvement in Cold and Arid Regions

Food security in cold and arid regions in the world is threatened by stressful and unpredictable environments.The sus-tainable and economically viable solution for increasing stability of food productivity in cold and arid regions is genetic improvement of crops towards high resistance to abiotic stresses,mainly cold and drought resistance.It is often empha-sized that crop genetic improvement lies in exploiting the gene pools of the wild relatives of the crop plant.Wild barley,H.spontaneum,the progenitor of cultivated barley,is a selfing annual grass of predominantly Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian distribution that penetrates into desert environments where it maintains stable populations.Wild barley is also found in cold regions,such as in Tibet.The adaptation of wild barley to the arid region in Israel and Jordan,and the cold region in Tibet has accumulated rich genetic diversities for drought,salt,and cold resistances in wild barley,which is the genetic resource for barley and other crop improvement in arid and cold regions.These genetic diversities are revealed by allozymes,DNA-based molecular markers,and morphological and physiological traits of wild barley plants.Quantita-tive trait loci(QTLs) related to drought resistance were identified in wild barley via the QTL mapping approach.Drought resistance genes such as dehydrins,hsdr4,and eibi1 were identified in wild barley based on the candidate gene approach,gene differential expression approach,and molecular genetic approach,respectively.Genetics and genomics of wild bar-ley cold resistance have not been exploited yet,remaining a huge treasure for future crop improvement of cold resistance.Advanced backcross QTL analysis,the introgression libraries based on wild barley as donors,a QTL approach based on wide crosses using wild barley,and positional cloning of natural QTLs will play prevailing roles to help us understand the molecular control of cold and drought tolerance.Integration of QTL information into a breeding pipeline aimed at im-proving tolerance t     

文化景观地图设计:表达对象与艺术风格

依托西湖文化景观的典型案例,本文以表达对象与艺术风格为具体突破点,首先从景观基因理论的视角出发,结合我国文化景观特有的意象要素,建立了文化景观地图表达对象选取的理论框架,在此基础上确定了《西湖文化景观地图》的表达对象.进而采取"古为今用"的地图设计理念,提出了移植宋代山水地图艺术风格的设计思路,并据此制定了《西湖文化景...     

基于微量元素岩性地球化学基因的构建与检验

地球化学基因是近年来提出的新技术。在分析地球化学基因构建方法的基础上提出一种基于微量元素的岩性地球化学基因,并将其编号为LG03,其基因链元素序列为Nb→Ti→Zr→Cr→La→V→Pb→Co→U→Ni→Th。分别选择发育在广东连阳花岗岩与佛冈花岗岩的2个花岗岩风化剖面、海南文昌3个玄武岩风化剖面、北京房山1个花岗闪长岩风化剖面、胶东2个花岗岩风化剖面与1个玄武岩风化剖面及1个花岗闪长岩风化剖面共计10个风化剖面对新构建的LG03基因以及以前基于主量和微量元素混合构建的LG01岩性基因进行检验。采用基因相似度≥80%作为样品之间具有相似基因的判别标准来检验地球化学基因在风化过程中的稳定性时,发现基于微量元素的LG03岩性基因与基于主量和微量元素混合的LG01岩性基因在遗传性与继承性方面基本相似,但LG03基因相对于LG01基因更稳定。采用酸性相似度20%和80%作为划分类基性成分、类中性成分和类酸性成分的标准时,发现LG03和LG01岩性基因在成分分类与物源示踪等方面也基本相似。在物源示踪方面LG03基因相对于LG01基因更稳定;在成分分类方面当二者划分结果不一致时应以LG01基因的酸性相似度划分结果为准,可进一步以LG03基因的划分结果加以约束。在风化、搬运与沉积过程中,地质样品的主量成分可能会受到风成沙、生物体等介质的加入而发生明显改变,进而导致LG01基因发生改变。但这些较单一成分物质的加入并不影响相对不活动微量元素之间的相互关系,从而可使LG03基因保持较好的稳定性。因此相对于LG01基因而言,LG03基因由于消除了受风成沙、生物体等介质的影响而可能具有更广泛的应用领域。     

三疣梭子蟹线粒体DNA 16S rRNA和COI基因片段序列的比较研究

本文采用 PCR扩增和序列测定等技术 ,对三疣梭子蟹 (Portunustrituberculatus)线粒体DNA1 6Sr RNA和 COI基因片段进行了初步研究。经 PCR扩增和序列测定 ,分别得到 1 6Sr RNA和 COI2个基因片段的碱基序列 ,其中 1 6Sr RNA基因片段的大小为 566bp,碱基 A,T,G,C的含量分别为 35.1 6% ,34.45% ,1 2 .37%和 1 8.0 2 % ;COI基因片段的大小为 658bp,碱基 A,T,G,C的含量分别为 36.63% ,2 6.44% ,2 0 .52 %和 1 6.41 %。在 2种基因片段中 ,AT含量均明显高于 GC含量 ,这与果蝇、虾类、蟹类等无脊椎动物的 1 6Sr RNA和 COI基因片段研究结果相似。通过对三疣梭子蟹 1 6S r RNA和 COI2个基因片段遗传特征的研究 ,发现其种内变异较低 ,在 3个样本中 1 6Sr RNA基因片段序列完全一样 ,COI基因片段中也只有 2个 T/ C位点转换。另外 ,比较本研究所得序列与 Gen Bank中梭子蟹科 5个属的 1 6Sr RNA基因片段序列后 ,发现其聚类结果与传统分类相一致。     

钦州湾牡蛎线粒体16SrRNA和COI基因片段的序列变异分析

利用线粒体16SrRNA基因和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基Ⅰ（cvtocllrome oxidase Ⅰ,COI）基因片段初步研究钦州湾牡蛎（Ostxea）的物种组成。以特异引物进行PCR扩增,对扩增产物进行纯化、测序,分析表明,16SrRNA基因部分长度为413bp,COI基因部分长度为535bp,2种牡蛎序列的碱基组成均显示出较高的A＋T比例：16SrRNA基因598％;COI基因605％。对位排序比较表明,16SrRNA片段种内个体间变异较小,存在7个变异位点,4种单倍型,其中包括5个转换位点突变,2个颠换位点突变;COI片段有30个碱基存在变异,7种单倍型,其中包括16个转换位点突变,14个颠换位点突变。运用MEGA4软件计算出不同个体间的遗传距离,并构建了NJ和UPGMA系统树。香港牡蛎（Crassostrea hongkongensis）16SrRNA和COI序列与白肉牡蛎的遗传距离均为0000,有明巨牡蛎（Crassostrea ariakensis）16SrRNA和COI序列和红肉牡蛎（redmeatostxea）的遗传距离分别为0000和0011,白肉牡蛎16SrRNA和COI序列和红肉牡蛎之间的遗传距离分别为0035和0146。结果表明,钦州湾牡蛎分为2个不同的种,线粒体16SrRNA和COI基因在种间存在明显的多态性,证实了16SrRNA和COI基因序列适用于牡蛎的系统学分析。     

Sex determination mechanisms in fish

In fish, sex determination (SD) system shows high variation. The SD mechanisms include environmental and genetic regulation. The research on SD system and related genes in intensively studied fish species was reviewed. Although some genes have been described as sex-related, only DMRTlbY can be considered as a master sex determination gene and none of them has been util-ized in aquaculture. The variation of fish SD system, the importance of sex-related genes in evolution research and the relations be-tween environmental factors and sex-related genes were also discussed. The fish sex determination mechanism remains largely un-known. Further research needs to be done considering the significance of fish SD studies in basic and applied aspects.     

Expression of putative zinc-finger protein lcn61 gene in lymphocystis disease virus China (LCDV-cn) genome

An open reading frame (lcn61) of iymphocystis disease virus China (LCDV-cn), probably responsible for encoding putative zinc-finger proteins was amplified and inserted into pET24a (+) vector.Then it expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), and His-tag fusion protein of high yield was obtained. It was found that the fusion protein existed in E. coli mainly as inclusion bodies. The bioinformatics analysis indicates that LCN61 is C2H2 type zinc-finger protein containing four C2H2 zinc-finger motifs. This work provides a theory for functional research of lcn61 gene.     

电晕电场将大豆Gy3基因导入花棒愈伤组织及植株再生

以花棒幼胚诱导的愈伤组织为受体材料,利用针-板电晕电场将pBI121质粒(含GUS基因和卡那霉素抗性基因)导入花棒愈伤组织,利用组织化学定位实验检测到GUS基因在受体组织中的瞬时表达。用80 mg\5L-1卡那霉素筛选转基因花棒愈伤组织中含有的大豆Gy3基因,获得了38株再生植株,含大豆Gy3基因3株,再生植株经PCR、RT-PCR检测初步证实大豆Gy3基因已转入花棒植物基因组DNA中并发生转录。     

应用hiTAIL-PCR技术克隆Marinomonas sp. BSi20584菌株β-半乳糖苷酶基因

实验使用hiTAIL-PCR（high-efficiency thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR,高效热不对称交错PCR）方法,从海单胞菌Marinomonas sp. BSi20584中克隆β-半乳糖苷酶基因。从GenBank注册的已知β-半乳糖苷酶氨基酸序列出发,设计引物克隆编码β-半乳糖苷酶保守片段的DAN序列;根据Marinomonas sp. BSi20584天然酶N端氨基酸残基测序结果,设计上游引物,保守DNA片段5’端设计下游引物,克隆N端到保守序列之间的DNA片段;将所得的2个DNA片段拼接并命名拼接后的片段为nbs。根据hiTAIL-PCR方法设计引物,染色体步移克隆nbs上下游片段,拼接上下游片段得到全长序列,设计引物扩增全长片段并测序。本文成功克隆了Marinomonas sp. BSi20584菌株β-半乳糖苷酶的编码基因,全长1 971 bp,NCBI比对表明其编码产物为GH-42家族的一个新成员。     

“千年运河”品牌基因谱系识别与空间分异研究

“千年运河”品牌基因是“千年运河”国家文化旅游品牌塑造和发展的灵魂。本文以中国大运河沿线35个地级及以上城市为研究对象,运用共词分析法,从与大运河相关的网络游记中识别和提取“千年运河”品牌基因谱系。并运用基于机器学习的地理分区方法,进一步分析了“千年运河”品牌基因的空间分异特征。研究结果： ① 构建了由2个基因类别、4个基因维度和14个基因子维度组成的“千年运河”品牌基因识别框架。② 运河核心基因和运河衍生基因主要分布在京杭大运河沿线,隋唐大运河尤其是卫河河段沿线城市的边缘关联基因分布较多。③ 根据“千年运河”品牌基因的分布特征,可将运河沿线城市划分为6类地理区域,每类地理分区中的主导基因、功能定位不同。研究结果为“千年运河”国家文旅品牌塑造与发展提供参考,也为大运河文化遗产完整性保护与传承提供了新的切入点。