利用GPS研究南极电离层TEC对太阳耀斑的异常响应

利用了南极地区IGS站和中山站GPS观测数据,计算了太阳耀斑期间的电离层TEC,分析了南极电离层TEC对太阳耀斑的异常响应。     

不同年代际背景下南半球环流变化对中国夏季降水的影响

利用1951～2008年NCEP再分析资料和中国夏季降水观测资料,分析了南半球环流的年代际变化特征以及在不同年代际背景下南极涛动(AAO)对中国东部夏季降水的影响.结果表明,20世纪70年代末,南半球环流发生了年代际变化,东南太平洋和南大西洋副高减弱,而马斯克林高压(南印度洋副高)增强,绕南极低压带加深.在此背景下,AAO由负位相转变为正位相,对中国夏季降水的影响也随之发生改变.在春季AAO偏强的情况下,1976年之前,长江以南地区和华北地区降水偏多,江淮流域降水偏少;而在1976年之后,从华南沿海一直到江淮流域降水都偏多,华北到东北地区降水偏少.这说明AAO对中国夏季降水的影响与年代际背景有关,1976年之后,AAO对中国夏季降水的影响增强,影响范围更加偏北.在当前海温预报因子作用减弱的情况下,AAO有可能成为中国夏季降水预测的一个重要预报因子.     

Investigation of Arctic and Antarctic spatial and depth patterns of sea water in CTD profiles using chemometric data analysis

In this paper we examine 2- and 3-way chemometric methods for analysis of Arctic and Antarctic water samples. Standard CTD (conductivity–temperature–depth) sensor devices were used during two oceanographic expeditions (July 2007 in the Arctic; February 2009 in the Antarctic) covering a total of 174 locations. The output from these devices can be arranged in a 3-way data structure (according to sea water depth, measured variables, and geographical location). We used and compared 2- and 3-way statistical tools including PCA, PARAFAC, PLS, and N-PLS for exploratory analysis, spatial patterns discovery and calibration. Particular importance was given to the correlation and possible prediction of fluorescence from other physical variables. MATLAB's mapping toolbox was used for geo-referencing and visualization of the results. We conclude that: 1) PCA and PARAFAC models were able to describe data in a satisfactory way, but PARAFAC results were easier to interpret; 2) applying a 2-way model to 3-way data raises the risk of flattening the covariance structure of the data and losing information; 3) the distinction between Arctic and Antarctic seas was revealed mostly by PC1, relating to the physico-chemical properties of the water samples; and 4) we confirm the ability to predict fluorescence values from physical measurements when the 3-way data structure is used in N-way PLS regression.     

Improving the estimate of wind energy input into the Ekman layer within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current

Based on the data and method offered by Liu et al. (2009), the direct wind and Stokes drift-induced energy inputs into the Ekman layer within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) area are reestimated since the results of the former have been proved to be underestimated. And the result shows that the total rate of energy input into the Ekman-Stokes layer within the ACC area is 852.41 GW, including 649.75 GW of direct wind energy input (76%) and 202.66 GW of Stoke drift-induced energy input (24%). Total increased energy input, due to wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing added to the classical Ekman model, is 52.05 GW, accounting for 6.5% of the wind energy input into the classical Ekman layer. The long-term variability of direct wind and Stokes drift-induced energy inputs into the Ekman layer within the ACC is also investigated, and the result shows that the Stokes drift hinders the decadal increasing trend of direct wind energy input. Meanwhile, there is a period of 4-5 a in the energy spectrums, as same as the Antarctic circumpolar wave.     

南极无冰区古海蚀龛沉积──古环境研究的新材料

首次在西南极菲尔德斯半岛长城站地区发现了保存完好的古海蚀龛沉积物 ,研究表明它是后期冰水湖泊沉积环境下的产物 ,该沉积剖面的形成环境反映了本地区距今 46 0 0年以来地貌演化、冰盖进退与古气候的演化过程。古海蚀龛沉积剖面的发现 ,为目前主要基于湖泊沉积物、海洋沉积物及冰芯等进行的南极无冰区古环境研究领域 ,提供了一种新的研究载体。     

南极验潮进展及中山站验潮策略

介绍了潮汐观测的方法、最新成果以及南极验潮的进展;分析了南极中山站潮汐观测现状,考虑了南极特殊的自然环境,并参考南极其他站的经验,为改进中山站目前的验潮系统提出了可行方案。     

Study on changes of plasmalemma permeability and some primary inorganic ions of Antarctic ice microalgae （Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L） in the low-temperature stress

The changes of plasmalemma permeability and some primary inorganic ions of Antarctic ice microalgae （ Chlamydomonas sp. ICE-L） in the low-temperature stress were examined. The plasmalemma of 1CE-L could maintain the stability at the freezing condition of -6 ℃. That signifies that it could maintain the proper function of plasmalemma and stability of the intracellular environment during sea ice formation. The function of inorganic ions on low-temperature adaptation of ICE-L was investigated by using the X-ray microanalysis method. Low temperature （0 - -6 ℃ ） induces Ca^2 ＋ concentration increment of cytoplasm, but after 24 h the content decrease quickly to normal value. As a matter of fact, Ca^2 ＋ plays an important role as the second messenger in the low temperature adaptation of ICE-L. In addition, low temperature also influences on the other primary inorganic ions transfer and the cell maintains activity by keeping ratio balance among different ions. Above all, it is necessary for Antarctic ice microalgae to survive and breed by maintaining the stability of K^ ＋ content and the balance of Na^ ＋/Cl^ -.     

预应力锚索锚固力损失与岩土体蠕变耦合效应研究

因预应力锚索锚固力损失而导致锚固失效的工程事故屡屡发生,锚索锚固力损失与岩土体蠕变之间存在复杂的耦合效应关系,建立二者之间的耦合效应模型,确立二者之间的计算关系式,为预应力锚固工程的设计、施工、安全运行管理以及锚固力损失的控制与补偿技术提供理论基础和技术手段。通过理论分析和模型研究,在岩土体常用流变模型基础上建立了基于应变相等的耦合效应计算模型,并进行了模型验证。研究结论：（1）建立了与工程实际相符合的锚索锚固力变化和岩土体蠕变的耦合效应计算模型,正确反映了预应力锚索锚固力损失和岩土体蠕变之间的关系,推导出了其本构方程、松弛方程和蠕变方程,从理论上解决了锚固力变化与岩土体蠕变之间的计算关系。（2）通过耦合效应计算模型的蠕变方程,在材料参数已知的情况下,可以计算出边坡蠕变影响引起的锚索锚固力损失量,并结合实际工程中监测到的锚索应力数据进行对比分析,就能够准确地了解、评价锚索锚固力的异常变化情况,指导实际工程中的设计和施工,保证工程建设过程中的安全性。（3）通过耦合效应计算模型的松弛方程,可以对预应力锚索受力状态的监测数据进行分析整理,通过对锚索锚固力损失量的数据进行反分析,分析岩土体的蠕变参数,根据蠕变介质的材料特性,计算岩土体蠕变量,根据蠕变量判断预应力锚索锚固工程的安全性和可靠性,指导锚固工程的安全运行管理。     

糯扎渡电站溢洪道边坡稳定分析及系统锚固方法

糯扎渡水电站位于云南省思茅市境内,是澜沧江流域开发中具有十分重要意义的工程。设计土石坝方案的溢洪道开挖边坡的稳定性关系到该方案的合理选择。通过对溢洪道附近的平硐与露头的野外调查,获得了1 400余条结构面的详细信息,在岩体结构面统计基础上,运用随机网络模拟的方法得到了溢洪道开挖边坡的裂隙网络图像,分析了岩体结构面的连通率,采用Hoek和Brown提出的GSI体系,对岩体质量进行综合定量评价,在此基础上,提出各高边坡岩体力学参数的综合指标。应用模拟退火算法,搜索出边坡潜在的最危险滑裂面的位置,并运用Sarma法分析了开挖边坡的稳定性,提出各个边坡稳定性的分析评价成果以及建议的边坡系统锚固措施。     

压力型锚杆支护滑坡的地震动力响应特性研究

为研究地震作用下锚固滑坡的动力响应特征及压力型锚杆的受力机制,采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了压力型锚杆联合格构梁支护的锚固滑坡模型,在此基础上,分析了锚固滑坡的加速度响应规律、地震动参数对加速度响应的影响以及压力型锚杆的受力特征等。结果表明:地震作用下锚固滑坡具有明显的高程放大效应,坡顶响应最强;不同类型的地震波作用时,由于其频谱特性的差异,锚固滑坡的加速度响应不同,锚固滑坡对输入地震波的低频段存在放大作用,对高频段具有滤波作用;随地震波幅值的增大,锚固滑坡的加速度响应呈先减小后增大的趋势。对于同一根锚杆而言,锚杆杆体轴力分布较均匀;对于同列不同排的锚杆而言,各排锚杆杆体的轴力值差异较大,自上而下呈"C"型分布,底排锚杆和顶排锚杆承担大部分荷载。研究结果对于压力型锚杆支护滑坡的抗震设计具有一定的指导意义。