中国大范围持续性低温事件与中国南方降水异常

本文利用1951~2009年的数据资料,探讨了与冬季大范围持续性低温事件对应的中国南方降水多寡的原因以及不同降水类型事件的不同前兆信号。主要结果如下:(1)欧亚大陆中高纬大型斜脊斜槽是中国大范围持续性低温事件的关键环流特征。降水偏多型和偏少型低温事件的中高纬环流系统存在显著差异:当大型斜脊的纬向尺度较大且其正高度距平中心偏强时,斜槽的负距平中心靠近东亚大槽区,西伯利亚高压大范围加强,南侵冷空气活动偏强,使中国南方地区降水偏少。相反,当大型斜脊的纬向尺度相对小时,斜槽位置偏西,西伯利亚高压加强范围偏小,南侵冷空气活动也偏弱,有利于中国南方地区降水偏多。(2)在低温事件中我国南方地区的降水多寡,也取决于西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽。当西太副高和孟加拉湾南支槽加强时,来自西太平洋、南海和孟加拉湾的三支暖湿气流到达我国南方地区,导致南方降水偏多,反之亦然。(3)不同降水类型低温事件的前兆环流信号(之前1~3侯)显著不同。降水偏多型低温事件前期,源自北大西洋地区的波列向东亚地区传播。降水偏少型事件前期,极涡在欧亚大陆一侧的次极区显著减弱,同时极涡呈两极型,一极伸向南欧及地中海地区,另一极伸向阿留申群岛。在中期—延伸期时间尺度上,这一结果可为持续性低温事件降水形势的预测提供依据。     

门源地倾斜异常的深入分析

应用形态法、差分法、契氏拟合法对１９８４—１９９５年门源倾斜的资料做了系统的分析、总结，对其２００ｋｍ范围内的中强地震的震前异常进行了分析，发现在１９８６年门源６．４级、１９９０年共和７．０级地震前趋势性异常比较显著，且异常幅度大、持续时间长，而在一些５级左右地震前异常不明显。并且发现在中强地震前门源倾斜ＮＳ向有一个减速过程，这似与以往总结的震例有所区别。并在此基础上对门源倾斜的映震能力作了评价，且提出了未来一个时期的地震趋势。     

Anomalous behavior detection in single-trajectory data

This paper presents an original approach to dynamic anomalous behavior detection in individual trajectory using a recursive Bayesian filter. The anomalous pattern detection is of great interest for navigation, driver assistance systems, surveillance as well as crisis management. In this work, we focus on the GPS trajectories of automobiles finding where the driver’s behavior shows anomalies. Such anomalous behaviors can happen in many cases, especially when the driver encounters orientation problems, i.e., taking a wrong turn, performing a detour, or losing the way. First, three high-level features, i.e., turns and their density, detour factor, and route repetition are extracted from the given trajectory geometry, for which a long-term perspective is required to observe data sequences of a significant length instead of individual time stamps. We therefore employ high-order Markov chains with a ‘dynamic memory’ to model the trajectory integrating these long-term features. The Markov model is processed by a proposed recursive Bayesian filter to infer an optimal probability distribution of the potential anomalous driving behaviors dynamically over time. The filter performs unsupervised detection in single trajectories based on local features only. No training process is required to characterize the anomalous behaviors. By analyzing the detection results of individual trajectories, collective behaviors can be derived indicating traffic issues such as congestions and turn restrictions. Experiments are performed on volunteered geographic information (VGI) data, self-acquired trajectories, and open trajectory datasets to demonstrate the potential of the proposed approach.     

晋冀蒙三省交界区中强地震前地震视应变演化分析

选取1970年至1999年晋冀蒙三省交界4次中强地震事件,进行地震视应变演化分析。得出,地震视应变异常与晋冀蒙三省交界区中强以上地震具有较好的对应关系。震前,晋冀蒙三省交界区地震视应变演化模式有:增强-减弱-发震、增强-减弱-迁移-发震、增强-减弱-消失-增强-发震、增强-减弱-维持-发震。"大同窗"必是异常区,其震前地震视应变演化模式有:增强-维持-消失-发震、增强-减弱-发震、增强-维持-减弱-发震。异常区多形成于震前3年,随着时间的推移,有扩散或向特定方向(震源方向)迁移的特征。中强地震多发生在视应变高值异常区、视应变高值异常迁移区、视应变高值异常区迁移的方向。     

Toward a luminescence chronology for coastal dune and beach deposits on Calvert Island,British Columbia central coast,Canada

The Quaternary geology of the central coast of British Columbia contains a rich and complex record of glacial activity, post-glacial sea level and landscape change, and early human occupation spanning the last ∼10,000 years. At present, however, this region remains a largely understudied portion of coastal North America. This study describes the luminescence characteristics of quartz and K-feldspar from coastal dune and beach sands on Calvert Island and develops a suitable optical dating protocol that will allow for a more rigorous chronology for post-glacial landscape evolution and human occupation on British Columbia's central coast. Luminescence signals from Calvert Island quartz are dim, and appear to lack the so-called “fast” component that is most desirable for optical dating. K-feldspar signals are sufficiently bright for optical dating. We test and refine a single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol for K-feldspar specific to Calvert Island samples through a series of dose recovery and preheat plateau tests. Two approaches for correcting a sample age for anomalous fading are compared and a correction for phototransfer is introduced and applied. Measured fading rates vary from sample to sample implying that, in this region, it is not sufficient to rely on two or three representative fading rates as has sometimes been done elsewhere. Refined age estimates show consistency with independent radiocarbon dating control and help identify radiocarbon-dated organic-rich sediments that have been reworked.     

基于新疆分量式钻孔应变异常时间的地震强度预测研究

研究了利用钻孔应变异常时间预测地震震级问题。从实际工作需要出发,在做了大量震例总结和比较了前人的工作之后,首次得到了更加适合新疆地区的异常时间与震级之间的统计关系式,即Ms=5．4＋0．004T±0．5。讨论了3个预测震级公式的优缺点及存在的问题,一些不合理的因素得到改善,震级预测误差明显减小,这对新疆地区的地震强度预测有实际意义。     

德令哈6．6级地震及后期强余震序列前青海省水氡异常特征

2003年4月17日德令哈发生6．6级地震,2004年该震区相继发生了5次5级以上的中强地震,分析德令哈系列地震前青海省水氡资料,发现震前水氡异常较显著,并表现出不同的异常特征。     

新疆形变固体潮观测与中强地震关系的初步研究

分析了新疆几个形变台潮汐因子的时间分布及震兆异常特征,认为震兆异常的统计关系为：异常范围随着震级的增大而增大,5级地震前可能在100km范围出现异常,5．5级左右的地震可能达250km．而8级地震的异常范围则达到1000km以上;异常持续时间与震级呈正比关系,5级地震异常持续1～5个月,6级地震3～7个月;异常幅度与观测仪器的精度及环境干扰关系密切;部分台的γm2值受格值影响较大,在异常判定前必须做相关分析。     

超折射回波自动探测算法在临近预报中的应用

本文介绍了一种对雷达基资料进行处理的超折射回波自动探测算法,该算法针对超折射回波的特征,利用多普勒径向速度中值、反射率因子水平突变率和反射率因子垂直梯度,在雷达体扫描最底层PPI上逐库处理,以识别超折射回波.在北京奥运会天气预报示范项目测试期间,超折射回波自动探测算法在"葡萄-雨燕"临近预报系统中得到应用,结果表明:该算法能够剔除天津雷达探测到的大量的超折射回波,尤其是反射率因子水平突变率参数和反射率因子垂直梯度能够有效的分离出与降水回波混合在一起的超折射回波;进而,在定量降水产品中运用该算法的处理结果,可以明显的改善其精度.     

地壳形变与地下水动态异常特征研究进展

地壳变形与地下流体之间既相互联系又相互影响。地壳形变异常是地壳构造活动最直接的表现,是物理含义最为明确的地震前兆之一;地下流体异常能够提供多种型式的构造活动过程(包括地震)的前兆信息。两类异常以不同的方式和特点反映出地震孕育过程中伴随的前兆信息,从而成为地震预报的重要手段。本文综述了有关地壳形变与地下水动态异常特征方面的研究成果,从机理和前兆特征方面归纳了两种异常的相互关系。