Corrected Incompressible SPH method for accurate water-surface tracking in breaking waves

A Corrected Incompressible SPH (CISPH) method is proposed for accurate tracking of water surface in breaking waves. Corrective terms are derived based on a variational approach to ensure the angular momentum preservation of Incompressible SPH (ISPH) formulations. The proposed CISPH method is applied to solve the Navier–Stokes equation for simulating the breaking and post-breaking of solitary waves on a plane slope. The enhanced precision (compared to the ISPH method) of the CISPH method is confirmed through both qualitative and quantitative comparisons with experimental data. The introduction of corrective terms significantly improves the capability and the accuracy of the ISPH method in the simulation of wave breaking and post-breaking.     

气溶胶粒径区间对其消光、后向散射及消光后向散射比影响的数值分析

我们利用Junge谱对多道光电粒子计数器的测量谱进行了模拟,根据光散射的米氏理论,考察了气溶胶小粒子对其消光、后向散射及消光后向散射比的影响情况,对估计由实测谱及折射指数计算以上三个参量所带来的误差具有一定参考价值.     

基于CBS的带保温层压力管道在线检测装置研制

本文针对我国石油化工行业带保温层压力管道在线检测的难题,基于CBS的技术原理,研制开发了一种带保温层压力管道在线检测装置,技术性能指标为:检测管道直径范围不限;保温层厚度≤145mm;钢材料管壁厚度≤40mm;精度为1.0mm.文中简要阐述了该检测装置的基本原理、具体结构设计,给出了外置铝皮带保温层40mm厚管道内表面双孔、单孔平面扫描实验的实验结果,实验结果表明用该装置对实际管道的检测结果是非常精确的,误差在允许的范围之内.     

Unsupervised fuzzy classification and object-based image analysis of multibeam data to map deep water substrates, Cook Strait, New Zealand

A comprehensive 32 kHz multibeam bathymetry and backscatter survey of Cook Strait, New Zealand (∼8500 km²), is used to generate a regional substrate classification map over a wide range of water depths, seafloor substrates and geological landforms using an automated mapping method based on the textural image analysis of backscatter data. Full processing of the backscatter is required in order to obtain an image with a strongly attenuated specular reflection. Image segmentation of the merged backscatter and bathymetry layers is constrained using shape, compactness, and texture measures. The number of classes and their spatial distribution are statistically identified by employing an unsupervised fuzzy-c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm to sediment samples, independent of the backscatter data. Classification is achieved from the overlay of the FCM result onto a segmented image and attributing segments with the FCM class. Four classes are identified and uncertainty in class attribution is quantified by a confusion index layer. Validation of the classification map is done by comparing the results with the sediment and structural maps. Backscatter (BS) strength angular profiles are used to show acoustic class separation. The method takes us one step further in combining multibeam data with physical seabed data in a complementary analysis to seek correlations between datasets using object-based image analysis and unsupervised classification. Texture within these identified classes is then examined for correlation with typical backscatter angular responses for mud, sand and gravel. The results show a first order correlation between each of the classes and both the sedimentary properties and the geomorphological map.     

流体的角动量平衡方程—对流体力学方程组的新建议

本文提出了一个包括流体的角动量平衡方程的新的流体力学方程组。     

Estimating Deep Seafloor Interface and Volume Roughness Parameters Using the Multibeam-Hydrosweep System

Utilizing a hull-mounted, multinarrow beam echosounder onboard RV Polarstern, we measured variation of acoustic backscatter with incidence angles at two different sites in the Southern Oceans (Agulhas Plateau and the Riiser Larsen Sea). We modeled the data, using a composite roughness model, including water-sediment interface roughness and sediment volume roughness parameters. The model effectively uses the near normal incidence angle backscatter to determine the seafloor interface roughness parameters employing Helmholtz-Kirchhoff theory. Beyond 20° incidence angles, an application of Rayleigh-Rice theory is made by using a necessary splicing technique (combining both of the theories at 20° incidence angle). The estimated interface and volume roughness parameters are found to be in accordance with the known area geology.     

西秦岭晚白垩世原型盆地——新生代青藏高原隆起的背景

青藏高原是新生代隆升的构造地貌。本文试图通过对青藏高原东北缘的西秦岭上白垩统的研究,揭示新生代青藏高原隆升之前的晚白垩世原型盆地和构造地貌背景,这对探索青藏高原隆起过程的起始至关重要。西秦岭腹地岷县地区分布着一套角度不整合于下伏不同时代地层之上且沉积序列相近的上白垩统红层地层。该套红层现今呈离散分布,故多被认为是西秦岭陆内造山阶段不同山间盆地或走滑拉分盆地的沉积物。对不同高程和露头上的该套红层与下伏地层之间角度不整合面地质特征对比分析,特别是对不整合面之上含砾砂岩和砂岩的粒度组成和颗粒的显微结构研究表明,该套红层底部的胶结砂砾岩和其上的红色砂岩皆具有沙漠沉积的特征,也就是说西秦岭晚白垩世曾出现过干旱沙漠环境。沙漠环境的出现不仅需要干旱炎热气候条件,而且需要相对平坦的地形地貌空间条件。据此,本文提出了西秦岭在晚白垩世可能处于相对平缓的古地貌状态。现今这套红层不连续分布在相对平坦的山顶面,其下部以洪积砾岩、河床砾岩和砂岩、沙漠相砂岩互层,上部则以河一湖相红色泥岩、粉砂岩和细砂岩等细碎屑沉积为主。经研究分析认为西秦岭在上白垩统红层开始沉积之时,总体已处于地形起伏不大的洪积平原和宽谷型河流地貌,而晚期则演变为平坦湖盆地貌,其原始盆地为统一宽缓的湖相盆地。现今上白垩统红层地层和角度不整合的弥散性分布是在印度板块-欧亚板块碰撞汇聚的动力学背景下,青藏高原崛起和逆冲-走滑作用以及地壳不均匀抬升-侵蚀的结果。西秦岭晚白垩世相对平坦的古地貌状态确定可为研究西秦岭中新生代陆内构造过程和高原隆升与板内变形在东北缘的扩展提供重要线索和参考标志。     

地壳介质的各向异性弹性本构关系讨论

论述了地壳介质中存在的几类各向异性弹性本构关系，推导了应变能变换公式、EDA薄层各向异性弹性常数及非对称面上EDA构成的单斜对称弹性常数的计算公式，讨论了几种各向异性对称系统的特征方程，并给出了弹性波的角散表达式，最后选取合理的参数对波的角散现象进行了数值模拟。     

日长变化、大气角动量和ENSO:1997～1998厄尔尼诺和1998～1999拉尼娜信号

采用1970年1月－1999年6月期间日长变化序列（ΔLOD）、大气角动量（AAM）和南方涛动指数（SOI），通过小波变换等方法研究ΔLOD、AAM与ENSO间的关系。结果表明，ΔLOD和AAM的年际变化与ENSO具有相似的时变谱结构，从日长和AAM资料中可以检测到1997－1998年厄尔尼诺（El Nino)和1998－1999年拉尼娜（La Nina)事件的信号。     

CBS图像重建中的数据修正

本文依据康普顿背散射扫描原理,给出了图像重建算法,讨论了有关的数据修正因子,得出了检测深度增大时误差累积传播的数据修正模型。