北部湾沿岸三种常见赤潮藻类对浮游微食物网主要类群的影响

本研究向自然海水中接种中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、红色哈卡藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)游离单细胞进行培养,比较不同赤潮藻类对海洋浮游微食物网主要类群的影响。结果发现,红色哈卡藻和中肋骨条藻均经历了从增殖到衰亡的过程,中肋骨条藻在磷酸盐耗尽后消亡,磷酸盐随之被重新释放到水体中;而无论增殖还是衰亡,红色哈卡藻添加组磷酸盐含量均持续降低。球形棕囊藻游离单细胞在迅速增殖将磷酸盐耗尽后并未衰亡,其密度维持相对稳定。红色哈卡藻添加组和中肋骨条藻添加组的细菌密度显著低于中肋骨条藻添加组(P<0.05)。三种藻类相比,红色哈卡藻添加组中纤毛虫、异养微型鞭毛虫(heterotrophic nanoflagellate, HNF)和含色素体微型鞭毛虫(pigmented nanoflagellate, PNF)的丰度最高(P<0.05),但该组微型鞭毛虫的营养结构(HNF/PNF)与中肋骨条藻添加组无显著差异(P>0.05)。球形棕囊藻添加组含色素体微型鞭毛虫的丰度显著降低(P<0.05...     

High-frequency acoustic backscattering characteristics for acoustic detection of the red tide species Akashiwo sanguinea and Alexandrium affine

Harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused by the overgrowth of certain phytoplankton species, have negative effects on marine environments and coastal fisheries. In addition to cell-counting methods using phytoplankton nets, a hydroacoustic technique based on acoustic backscattering has been proposed for the detection of phytoplankton blooms. However, little is known of the acoustic properties of HAB species. In this study, as essential data to support this technique, we measured the acoustic properties of two HAB species, Akashiwo sanguinea and Alexandrium affine, which occur in the South Sea off the coast of Korea. Due to the small size of the target, we used ultrasound for the measurements. Experiments were conducted under laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory experiment, the acoustic signal received from each species was directly proportional to the cell abundance. We derived a relationship between the cell abundance and acoustic signal received for each species. The measured signals were compared to predictions of a fluid sphere scattering model. When A. sanguinea blooms appeared at an abundance greater than 3 500 cells/mL, the acoustic signals varied with cell abundance, showing a good correlation. These results confirm that acoustic measurements can be used to detect HAB species.     

岩虫消化管组织学、组织化学和超微结构的初步研究

运用光学显微镜、透射电镜和组织化学方法初步研究了岩虫（Marphysa sanguinea）消化管的组织结构和消化酶的分布。结果显示：岩虫消化管呈长直管状,可分为口咽腔、食道、肠和后肠。组织化学研究表明食道粘膜层固有层有分泌酸性粘多糖、中性粘多糖和混合粘多糖3种粘液细胞;肠及消化盲囊的上皮细胞游离端及顶部胞质均检测到碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶和酯酶的活性。透射电镜显示食道粘膜固有层的粘液细胞可分为含低电子密度颗粒、高电子密度颗粒和电子透明颗粒3种。肠和消化盲囊绒毛发达,上皮细胞表面具丰富微绒毛,游离端细胞质中可见酶原颗粒、吞饮小泡、丰富的粗面内质网及溶酶体。肠纤毛沟由纤毛柱状上皮细胞组成,带环状横纹的纤毛小根插入细胞内部,纤毛小根之间散布着丰富的线粒体、溶酶体等结构。