瓦屋山水电站厂房区红层岩体古滑坡稳定性研究

红层岩体以其岩体结构的软硬相间及软弱夹层发育而在边坡稳定方面表现为"易滑地层".瓦屋山水电站厂房区边坡为顺向坡,砂岩类岩石与黏土岩类岩石呈缓倾、互层状(倾角10°～20°)产出.构造与表生改造作用下,在这两类软硬相间的岩石界面上常形成分布较为连续的软弱夹层,这类岩体较易沿软弱夹层产生顺层滑动.地质历史时期,瓦屋山厂房区...     

基于支持向量机的围岩定性智能分级研究

本文将数据挖掘的新方法支持向量机应用于隧道围岩分级.支持向量机是一种基于统计学习理论的新的学习算法,比神经网络算法能更好地解决小样本问题.选用岩层厚度、岩体结构、嵌合程度、风化程度、地下水特征、节理发育程度、榔头敲击声和地应力等 8 个定性指标作为评判因子,用泥巴山隧道采集的实际数据作为样本对不同核函数的支持向量机进行...     

最可靠的非开挖地下岩体结构勘察方法——高精度超声波钻孔成像

主要通过超声成像测井在长江某穿越工程区勘察工程中的应用研究,类比常规勘察技术和其他钻孔成像技术,并结合超声测井在国内其他方面的案例,剖析新一代超声测井仪的优势所在：如在基岩风化带的描述、岩石质量指标RQD分析,特别是地下岩体裂隙、节理等地质结构信息的精确揭露上,具备其他勘察手段无法比拟的优势,可以提供大量有效可视的钻孔岩体定量数据,为工程设计的定量化分析提供了详细的数据资料。可以说在揭露地下岩体结构方面,高精度超声测井是目前为止最为有效可靠的手段。     

The chemical changes of DOM from black waters to coastal marine waters by HPLC combined with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry

How dissolved organic matter (DOM) undergoes chemical changes during its transit from river to ocean remains a challenge due to its complex structure. In this study, DOM along a river transect from black waters to marine waters is characterized using an offline combination of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS), as well as tandem ESI-FTICR-MS. In addition, a water extract from degraded wood that mainly consists of lignins is used for comparison to the DOM from this transect. The HPLC chromatograms of all DOM samples and the wood extract show two major well-separated components; one is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic, based on their elution order from the C₁₈ column. From the FTICR-MS analysis of the HPLC fractions, the hydrophilic components mainly contain low molecular weight compounds (less than 400 Da), while the hydrophobic fractions contain the vast majority of compounds of the bulk C₁₈ extracted DOM. The wood extract and the DOM samples from the transect of black waters to coastal marine waters show strikingly similar HPLC chromatograms, and the FTICR-MS analysis further indicates that a large fraction of molecular formulas from these samples are the same, existing as lignin-like compounds. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments show that several representative molecules from the lignin-like compounds have similar functional group losses and fragmentation patterns, consistent with modified lignin structural entities in the wood extract and these DOM samples. Taken together, these data suggest that lignin-derived compounds may survive the transit from the river to the coastal ocean and can accumulate there because of their refractory nature.     

青岛近海浒苔暴发期大型底栖动物群落的生态研究

利用2008年7月3日至25日在青岛附近海域浒苔[Enteromorpha prolifera (Muell.)J.Ag]暴发期间进行的大型底栖动物定量分析资料,研究了该海域大型底栖动物群落在物种组成、生物量和丰度以及物种多样性方面的动态变化,以了解浒苔暴发对大型底栖动物的生态学影响.结果表明,本项目调查共采集到大型底...     

地理经纬双向过渡带和复杂地形下气候的过渡性和特异性 ——以宜昌市为例

宜昌处在我国地形第二、第三级阶梯的过渡地带,又位于我国南北过渡带秦巴山地南麓的中低纬度过渡带,长江中上游结合部,山地河谷平原并存,地形复杂,垂直高差大。气候资料分析和文献调研表明,宜昌天气气候因特殊地理环境具有过渡性和特异性：（1）年平均气温主要随地形高度递减,年总降水量主要随纬度升高减小。（2）年暴雨日数、连阴雨天数,在中西部随纬度升高而递减,等值线近似纬向排列;东部随地形升高而递增,等值线近似经向排列。（3）山地平原过渡带地形的阻挡滞留、辐合抬升等对极端短时强降水有明显加强作用,这种作用在秦岭与黄淮过渡带、太行山与华北平原过渡带有相似的天气气候效应。（4）宜昌位于江淮梅雨的西界、华西秋雨的东界,具有天气气候“分水岭”特征。（5）宜昌是暴雨雨团、西南涡移动的主要通道之一。     

Skarn development from limestone adjacent to the Glenrock Granodiorite,Marulan Batholith,New South Wales,Australia

Skarns are developed over two temperature‐time intervals in calcite limestone adjacent to the southern extension of the Glenrock Granodiorite, a pluton of the Marulan Batholith, Southern Highlands, New South Wales. The initial volumetrically‐dominant prograde phase of skarn formation produced a suite comprising bimetasomatic skarn, including pyroxene endoskarn, potassic endoskarn and wollastonite‐bearing exoskarn, together with mineralogically‐zoned vein skarn, massive garnet‐pyroxene skarn and calcite‐vesuvianite skarn. Retrograde replacement is manifested by the development of hydrous silicate minerals, carbonate and cross‐cutting sulphide veinlets.

A genetic model is proposed to account for the development of bimetasomatic skarn in the deposit. Exoskarn geochemistry indicates addition of many components relative to an essentially pure limestone precursor, including Si, Al, Fe, Zr, Zn, S, Mn and Cu, negligible transfer of K, Na and Rb and loss of CO₂. Strontium and Ca loss from the parent limestone is indicated by mass balance calculations at constant volume.

Garnet and pyroxene compositions in the massive garnet‐pyroxene skarn range from Gr₃₀ to Gr₆₆ and Hd₆₁ to Hd₈₇, respectively. Compositions from Gr₆₇ to Gr₉₅ are typical of the vein skarn garnets. Chemical zonation patterns in garnet, pyroxene and vesuvianite are generally characterized by rim Fe depletion relative to cores of grains.

Prograde skarn probably formed at T = 500–580°C; P < 220 MPa. The massive garnet‐pyroxene skarn evolved under conditions of log fO₂ = ‐18.9 to ‐22.9 (assuming a constant fCO₂ of 20 MPa) within the fS₂ stability field of pyrrhotite. Retrograde skarn formed at T < 400°C, possibly under conditions of X_H2O < 0.01.

Vesuvianite plus wollastonite assemblages, present in exoskarn, probably attest to very water‐rich conditions. The marble wall rocks, isolated from the source of skarn‐forming fluids, probably evolved under conditions of minimum X_co2 >0.2. Low temperature CO₂ ‐rich fluid inclusions and prehnite (stable at X_co2 <0.01), present in the marble and skarn, respectively, suggest that substantial differences in X_co2: X_H2O were maintained during cooling.

Observed mineralogical and chemical zonation within the skarn reflects the complex interaction of T, P, fO₂, Xco₂ and other chemical variables such as a_SiO2 and a_Al2O3 throughout the skarn system. No single variable can account adequately for the mineralogical diversity observed in the skarn deposit.     

陕北三叠纪煤田蟠龙至高家屯勘查区5号煤层顶板工程地质特征

研究区5号煤层位于三叠系瓦窑堡组第四段上部,煤层直接顶以泥岩、砂质泥岩为主,老顶以粉砂岩、泥岩和细粒砂岩为主,从岩性分布来看,总体呈现出向上变粗的沉积层序,对应的顶板类型为下软上硬型.进一步分析其岩石力学性质、测井曲线与岩体质量指标,参考岩层厚度、层理及裂隙等,综合分析确定该区5号煤层顶板属基本稳定型.该研究为煤矿的安全生产提供了技术支持.     

长水平段水平井井眼轨道优化设计方法

井眼轨道优化设计是长水平段水平井降低摩阻扭矩的有效途径之一,利用先进的计算机软件对轨道设计关键参数进行优选,可以得到优化轨道设计,从而达到降低施工难度的目的。结合华北油田某井工程实列,论述了长水平段水平井井眼轨道优化设计方法。