Changing climate affects vegetation growth in the arid region of the northwestern China

The northwestern China is a typical dry-land region of Inner Asia, where significant climate change has been observed over the past several decades. How the regional vegetation, particularly the grassland-oasis-desert complex, responds to such climatic change is poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated spatio-temporal changes in vegetation growth and their responses to a changing climate by biome and bioregion, using satellite-sensed Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2003, along with corresponding climate data. Over the past 22 years, about 30% of the total vegetated area showed an annual increase of 0.7% in growing season NDVI. This trend occurred in all biomes and all bioregions except Sawuer, a subregion of the study area with no significant climate change. Further analyses indicated that NDVI change was highly correlated with the current precipitation and evapotranspiration in growing season but was not associated with temperature. We also found that NDVI was positively correlated with the preceding winter precipitation. These findings suggest that precipitation may be the key cause of vegetation growth in this area, even for mountain forests and grasslands, whose growth are often regarded to be limited by low temperate in winter and early spring.     

The geological evolution of southern McMurdo Sound — new evidence from a high-resolution aeromagnetic survey

Magnetic anomaly data are presented from a new helicopter-borne high-resolution aeromagnetic survey in southern McMurdo Sound. Anomaly data have been acquired at a common 305 m elevation above the McMurdo and southern McMurdo ice shelves and draped over the volcanic islands that pin them. The resulting anomaly patterns provide a significant advance in the understanding of the rift related geology beneath the floating ice shelves. More extensive Erebus Volcanic Province (McMurdo Volcanic Group) rocks are indicated along with a significant blanket of glaci-volcaniclastic sediment on the seafloor between the volcanic islands in southern McMurdo Sound. These glaci-volcaniclastic sediments are inferred to originate from former grounding of the southern McMurdo Ice Shelf as a marine ice sheet. A strong N–S fabric is also observed in the anomaly data suggesting that the rift structure observed in the Victoria Land basin persists to the south beneath the McMurdo and southern McMurdo ice shelves. W–N–W transfer faults identified within the Transantarctic Mountain rift flank to the west are not obvious in the aeromagnetic data set, implying that the 'Discovery Accommodation Zone' may be restricted to the region between a southward extension of the range bounding fault that marks the limit of the Victoria Land Basin and the right lateral offset in the Transantarctic Mountain front in southern Victoria Land.     

短期增温和降水减少对沙质草地土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性的影响

通过模拟气候变化,探究短期增温和降水减少对沙质草地土壤微生物量碳氮及酶活性的影响,揭示沙质草地土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性对短期气候变化的响应规律。结果表明：（1）短期增温和降水减少对土壤微生物量碳氮和酶活性均产生显著影响。（2）在自然温度下,与自然降水相比,降水减少40%时土壤微生物量碳（MBC）和微生物氮（MBN）含量最高,增幅分别为87.9%和98.8%;降水减少60%时土壤碱性蛋白酶（S-ALPT）活性最低,降幅达32.8%。（3）在增温条件下,与自然降水相比,降水减少40%时土壤MBC和MBN含量最低,降幅分别为25.67%和48.16%,土壤脲酶（S-UE）活性最高,增幅20.42%。（4）土壤pH与3种土壤酶活性正相关,与土壤微生物量碳氮负相关。土壤微生物量碳氮与土壤纤维素酶（S-CL）活性负相关,与S-UE、S-ALPT活性正相关。     

末次冰盛期东亚夏季风变化的重庆石笋记录

基于重庆小山岩洞XSY1石笋的5个²³⁰Th年龄和582个氧同位素数据,重建了23134~19345 a B.P.期间分辨率约6.5 a的东亚夏季风变化历史。此石笋δ¹⁸O记录的长期趋势逐渐负偏,在其上叠加了一系列千年-百年尺度季风振荡,呈现为4谷3峰的结构形态。重庆XSY1和南京MSD石笋δ¹⁸O记录在数百年尺度的反相关系表明冰盛期时东亚大陆东部水汽并非来自印度洋。与北高纬记录对比显示东亚季风的增强与减弱基本对应格陵兰温度的升高与降低时期,暗示在冰量最大时期东亚季风与北高纬气候仍密切联系。此外,XSY1的δ¹⁸O与冰芯¹⁰Be通量亦存在明显的对应关系,表明太阳活动对东亚季风的调控作用受冰量边界条件影响较小。功率谱分析结果显示出1011 a、722 a、460 a、337 a和163 a的周期,与太阳活动周期相近,进一步确认太阳活动对东亚季风的驱动作用。石笋XSY1与澳大利亚石笋MC-S2 δ¹⁸O记录在千年尺度呈反相位变化,表明冰盛期时东亚季风与全球其他气候系统的动力联系。

     

慈溪市海岸变迁与滩涂围垦

根据历史和实测资料研究慈溪市海岸变化过程及其成因,结果表明:1)距今约2 500 a慈溪全境已形成南丘北海、中部为滨海平原的地貌格局;2)慈溪滩涂属于淤涨型滩涂,自宋代以来已修建11道海塘,新中国成立前海岸线平均每年向外推移25 m,之后则达到50~100 m;3)慈溪滩涂形成演变的影响因子包括地形约束、河川径流和人类活动等,近代人类活动的作用强度越来越大;4)西三闸附近涨潮潮位增高和庵东滩面淤高、扩大是西三潮沟形成的主要动力因素,其诱因是大规模的人类活动。西三潮沟的整治原则应是“因势利导,围涂治沟”。鉴于目前西三潮沟东西两侧都已完成直堤工程,建议在钱塘江连续丰水年时抛石筑坝,彻底截断西三潮沟。     

Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine

Strata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×10⁸ J^1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.     

全球增暖的另一可能原因初探

太阳是地球流体(大气和海洋等)运动的最终能量源,地球环境,尤其是气候的变化不能不与太阳活动有关.目前,普遍将全球增暖归结为温室气体含量增加所导致的温室效应的加剧,这无疑是有一定依据和有道理的.但从科学上来讲,人类活动所引起温室气体增加的影响,并非是唯一原因.基于已有的一些研究结果,从太阳活动的观点所进行的初步分析表明,太阳活动也可能是引起近世纪全球增暖的另一个重要原因.太阳活动的影响主要包括太阳辐射的直接影响和引发地磁场变化的间接影响两个方面,地球磁场的变化将可通过动力过程和热力过程而影响大气环流和气候的变化.     

川滇M≥63／4级强震前区域性中强震活动变化特征

研究了川滇22 次 M≥6 34 级地震前区域性中强震活动变化情况。验证了某些震兆特征的客观性和普遍性。本文研究结果给出, (1) 强震前区域性中强震活动相对活跃; (2) 震源附近可能发生多次5 ～6级地震; (3) 震中周围出现5 级以上地震组成的相对活动区或活动带; (4) 震源区周围相当范围内显示平静特征。追踪区域性中强震活动变化对于预测未来较大强震的危险性有实际意义。     

低本底多道γ能谱仪解谱应用软件的开发及应用

介绍了低本底碘化钠探测器多道γ能谱仪测量分析软件中解谱技术的算法。解谱算法是基于复合谱等于样品中单核素谱的算术加和,将复合谱分解为单核素谱,进行比活度计算。通过自编软件进行实验测量,研究影响测量结果的因素。结果表明,程序选取高能峰合适。     

大湖塘矿集区燕山成矿阶段矿床成矿系列研究及找矿问题探讨

大湖塘矿集区位于赣西北九岭成矿带西北部位,区内燕山期岩浆岩侵入活动及成矿作用强烈。大湖塘燕山期岩浆岩形成时间分布在130.3 Ma~151.4 Ma之间,可划分为三次侵入:130.3 Ma~134.3 Ma、140.4 Ma~144.4 Ma、146.4 Ma~151.4 Ma;在144.4 Ma~146.4 Ma之间,岩浆活动处于休宁阶段。区内燕山期岩浆岩与矿床在形成时间上十分接近,空间关系上相互依存,并显示特定的分布格局。根据区内矿床的分布特点、产出位置、成矿时间、燕山期花岗岩与矿床的相关性等特征,可将大湖塘矿集区由北向南依次划分为W、Mo—W、Mo、Cu、Pb、Zn—Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag三个成矿系列,并提出了"北钨南铜"的找矿观点。区内双桥山群与成矿,燕山期岩浆岩的起源,矿床等间距分布,以及重力勘探方面的研究应加强。